This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 8762, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.

According to that there are large amount of data, complexity of data type and format in the water resources management, we built the water resources calculation model and established the water resources management information system based on the advanced ArcGIS and Visual Studio.NET development platform. The system can integrate the spatial data and attribute data organically, and manage them uniformly. It can analyze spatial data, inquire by map and data bidirectionally, provide various charts and report forms automatically, link multimedia information, manage database etc. . So it can provide spatial and static synthetical information services for study, management and decision of water resources, regional geology and eco-environment etc..

The cultivated land protection has become a leading concern influencing the actions of the Chinese government and people. This study introduces a method named as the weight of evidence (WOE) using natural and geographical location factors to evaluate the suitability of Jinan cultivated land. Evaluation results show that: (1) weight of evidence method as a pure data-driven approach is suitable for confirming each index’s weight in the cultivated land suitability evaluation, and the weights are objective and easy to be explained; (2) weight of evidence method uses raster data which are convenient for spatial analysis and does not need to unify the evaluation unit; (3)About 60.25% of land in Jinan has superior suitability as cultivated land. The technical ideas and methods proposed in this paper can provide support for taking a fresh look at land suitability evaluation and policy making. It will also help decision-makers optimize land allocation and make better land-use planning decisions.

Sustainable development is an important topic of concern in the context of increasingly serious environmental problems at both local and global scales. Coordinating the relationship between human and nature through ecological assessment and planning is an essential scientific issue to promote sustainable development at regional scale. In this paper, based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), we integrated remote sensing index, hydrological analysis and multi-factor overlay analysis techniques in the whole ecological planning processes, and completed soil erosion risk assessment and drinking water resource ecological protection planning of Lijiang city, respectively. We found that (1) by utilizing the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) comprehensively, it is effective to accomplish the mountain land cover information extraction in the study area; (2) by integrating hydrogeomorphic and socio-economic factors and using spatial modeling, the multi-factor overlay analysis technique can improve the effectiveness of water resources protection plan program.

To solve the problem on remote data real-time transmission and the analysis and management of the data in the agricultural environment monitoring, we had a detailed study of the principle of wireless communication SMS/GPRS and the technology of seamless integration with GIS. The system achieved the wireless real-time transmission of remote monitoring data by the SMS/GPRS technology and used the GIS visualization technology to display monitoring data visually. With the aid of the function of GIS spatial analysis the system analyzed the geographic area. The software system structure and key technologies had been solved. The system is suitable for departments of agriculture to acquire and communicate the environmental monitoring data, to manage the GIS, and to analyze the decision.

This study is aimed at monitoring, mapping and assessing the sand dune encroachment in the northern central part of Iraq. The study area includes six districts suffering from the increasing prevalence of sand dunes, particularly in the recent years, which are characterized by dry weather and a reduction in rainfall averages. Remote sensing “RS” and in particular, Earth observation satellites besides Geographical Information Systems “GIS” provide significant contributions to monitoring sand dunes encroachment. Two Landsat TM images acquired on July of 1988, and July of 2009 were assembled and used to extract the research indices. Satellite image based indices; the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index “NDVI”, the Tasseled Cap Wetness Indicator “TCW”, the Land Surface Temperature “LST”, and the Normalized Difference Sand Index “NDSI” (a new index which has been proposed in this study) with RS and GIS techniques were used for monitoring the sand dune encroachment at two sites in the northern central part of Iraq. The results showed an increase in the sand dunes accumulations by 2,020.6 km² and 291.1 km² throughout the 21 years from 1988 to 2009 in Baiji and Al-Aith sites in the region, respectively. Sand dunes movement rates for the same period were 1,155.9 m year^-1 and 494.2 m year^-1 in the two mentioned sites, respectively. The results showed that the study area in general is exposed to a high risk of sand dune encroachment. The means of soil conditioners and windbreaks has been proposed to mitigate the impacts of sand dune encroachment.

According to client interactive operation in agricultural macroscopic decision-making eystem WebGIS publish, Ajax asynchronous communication technology and GWT-Ext were integrated into WebGIS. The Ajax technique used in the browser made the user getting part of the webpage information through the server possible. GWT-Ext is a Web interface element based on GWT (Google Web Toolkit) and Extjs development. GWT-Ext use Object Orient language Java and Ext component to develop Ajax applications, it is more efficient, shorten the development cycle. Based on the method in this paper the speed of server response and the interactivity can be improved.

Urban growth is regarded as a necessary transitional stage for a sustainable economy, but uncontrolled or arbitrary urban growth rapidly consumes rural resources and causes environmental pollution, ecological deterioration. In this paper, we developed a remote sensing and GIS-based integrated approach to monitor and analyze agricultural and urban spatial land use and ecological landscape change characteristics. In the proposed approach, multi-temporal satellite images from 1995 to 2010 were selected and classified to obtain land cover and use spatial changes. And GIS was used to analyze variation tendency for land use and ecological landscape indices. Experiments were performed in the Changping County, north of Beijing to analyze rapid urbanization effects in the past two decades, especially during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The results indicate that there has been a notable urban growth and a visible loss about 38.8% in cropland, meanwhile dominated landscape structures and patterns have greatly changed from agriculture to urban in the study area.

Cloud Computing technology has been rapidly applied in different domains recently, promotes the progress of the domain’s informatization. Based on the analysis of the state of application requirement in disaster reduction and combining the characteristics of Cloud Computing technology, we present the research on the application of Cloud Computing technology in disaster reduction. First of all, we give the architecture of disaster reduction cloud, which consists of disaster reduction infrastructure as a service (IAAS), disaster reduction cloud application platform as a service (PAAS) and disaster reduction software as a service (SAAS). Secondly, we talk about the standard system of disaster reduction in five aspects. Thirdly, we indicate the security system of disaster reduction cloud. Finally, we draw a conclusion the use of cloud computing technology will help us to solve the problems for disaster reduction and promote the development of disaster reduction.

Exposure to drinking water is one of the important ways to influence human health. This study calculated the health risk of adults and children for drinking water sources in the Fuyang city. The results showed that the total health risk of adults and children caused by water quality was 6.75 × 10^-5 and 8.15 × 10^-5, which exceeded the highest acceptable risk of 5.0 × 10^-5 from the International Radiation Committee, but was still lower than the maximum risk level of 1.0 × 10^-4 from US EPA. The health risk of children is 20% higher than that of adults, so we should pay more attention to children for drinking water health issues.

A novel data mart based system for fishery rescue field was designed and implemented. The system runs ETL process to deal with original data from various databases and data warehouses, and then reorganized the data into the fishery rescue data mart. Next, online analytical processing (OLAP) are carried out and statistical reports are generated automatically. Particularly, quick configuration schemes are designed to configure query dimensions and OLAP data sets. The configuration file will be transformed into statistic interfaces automatically through a wizard-style process. The system provides various forms of reporting files, including crystal reports, flash graphical reports, and two-dimensional data grids. In addition, a wizard style interface was designed to guide users customizing inquiry processes, making it possible for nontechnical staffs to access customized reports. Characterized by quick configuration, safeness and flexibility, the system has been successfully applied in city fishery rescue department.

An iterative learning controller is presented for nonlinearly parameterized uncertain systems with unknown control direction. By using the parameter separation technique and the signal replacement mechanism, the system equation is reconstructed. By using the Nussbaum function, the proposed control laws can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop are bounded and the tracking error converges to zero over the entire interval. The numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate effectiveness of the presented learning schemes.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the risk of the enterprises logistics outsourcing. To get this goal, the paper first analysed he main risks existing in the logistics outsourcing, and then set up a risk evaluation index system of the logistics outsourcing; second applied BP neural network into the logistics outsourcing risk evaluation and used MATLAB to the simulation. It proved that the network error is small and has strong practicability. And this method can be used by enterprises to evaluate the risks of logistics outsourcing.

In this paper, dynamic multicast routing and routing optimization criteria have been described. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several non-rearranged dynamic multicast algorithms, the advantages of the non- rearranged dynamic multicast routing algorithm based on the delay constraint have been further confirmed and a conclusion has been drawn by performance testing.

The Analysis of factors affecting gross agricultural production has great significance for making rational agriculture development planning. In this study, the SAS 9.0 statistical analysis tool and the ArcGIS Spatial Analysis tool were used to analyze the effects of CCF, CP, SAG, SAS, SAV, and NEPA on gross agricultural production in Hainan, the results showed that the SAG is the main influence factor of gross agricultural production in Hainan, the correlation coefficient was 0.87.

SAS 9.0 statistical analysis tool was used to analyze the change of sown area and per unit area yield of major cucurbits and vegetables in Hainan. The result showed that the sown area of major cucurbits and vegetables were significantly different. In recent years, with the consumption amount increase of fertilizer and pesticide and the breeding and popularizing of new varieties, the per unit area yield of major cucurbits and vegetables showed a rising trend. ArcGIS Spatial Analysis tool was used to map the change trend of per unit area yield of cucurbits and vegetables, the result showed that per unit area yield of the cucurbits and vegetables were different to some degree in the cities and counties of Hainan. This study laid a solid foundation for the further development of the vegetable industry in Hainan.

The application amount of fertilizer and pesticide overall showed rising trends in Hainan. The excessive application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide can cause higher production costs and greater pressure on the ecological environment. The sown area of cucurbits and vegetables showed an increasing trend to a certain extent, safety and pollution-free production of cucurbits and vegetables has become one of the principal contradictions restricting the development of cucurbits and vegetables in Hainan. In this study, the ecological cultivation system of cucurbits and vegetables was constructed combining ecology, ecological economics, and vegetable cultivation principles, which had an important significance for maintaining ecological balance and sustainable development of agriculture.

Decreasing of soil pH leads to change the distribution or mobility of soil heavy metals, particularly in tropical arable lands which had relatively lower pH, where the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in soil-crop systems are extremely sensitive to soil acidification. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of arable land soil pH of Hainan in 2005 and the 1980s. The results indicate that the soil pH was 5.20 in 2005 and 5.72 in the 1980s. Soil acidification areas mainly distribute in Wenchang and Haikou. The application of chemical fertilizers is probably the main reason for arable land soil acidification in Hainan. Several measures can be taken to control arable land soil acidification, including increasing organic fertilizer and application of the alkaline fertilizer.

Research on the temporal and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in tropical arable land is very important to promote the tropical sustainable agriculture development. Take the Eastern part of Hainan as research area, applying GIS spatial analysis technique, analyzing the temporal and spatial variation of soil N, P and K contents in arable land. The results indicate that the contents of soil N, P and K were 0.28%, 0.20% and 1.75% respectively in 2005. The concentrations of total N and P in arable land soil increased significantly from 1980s to 2005. The variances in contents of soil nutrients were closely related to the application of chemical fertilizers in recent years, and the uneven distribution of soil nutrient contents was a reflection of fertilizer application in research area. Fertilization can be planned based on the distribution of soil nutrients and the spatial analysis techniques, so as to sustain balance of soil nutrients contents.

Research on arable land soil Cadmium (Cd) distribution is basic to Cd contamination control, especially in tropical areas with lower soil pH. This study, taking west Hainan as study area, collected soil samples from different soil horizons and demonstrated the distribution of Cd content. Soil Cd mainly inherits from the parent materials and the concentration of soil Cd is below 6 μg kg^-1. Generally, the content of Cd in Aa horizon is lower than the C horizon, but the higher variability of Aa horizon Cd concentration is more likely subject to outer source pollution. The soil parent material distribution is primary factor which may affect the spatial distribution of Cd in soil. The content of Cd is higher in the northern Andisol. In addition, the spatial analysis tool can be used to identify regions with significant different contents of elements in different horizons.

To clarify the distribution and estimate the background concentration of arsenic (As) is significant to the prevention and control of soil As contamination. Taking Jiangxi as study area, demonstrating the distribution of As in cultivation and parent materials layers, and estimating the soil background concentrations of As by five approaches, which are Geometric mean and geometric standard (GM+2GSD), Iterative 2-σ technique, Upper confidence limit (UCL0.95), Accumulative frequency method and Deep layer soil element method. The results indicate that the content of As in cultivation layer is 15.2 mg kg^-1, and the spatial variation of As in cultivation layer higher than the parent materials layer. The result of Iterative 2-σ technique is highest among the five methods, which is 23.0 mg kg^-1, and other four methods’ results are highly consistent. The estimation results of GM+2GSD is accepted as the soil background concentration of As in study area. This method is easy calculation and can be applied to estimating the regional soil background concentrations of trace elements.

The feature size of integrated devices has entered nanometer. Single-electron transistor (SET) is satisfied as nanoelectronic devices, and the SET will be mixed with the composition of nano-MOS devices (SETMOS), is one of the hot current study. SETMOS as a new hybrid device combine the advantages of both, it also has the same Coulomb oscillation characteristics with the SET and MOS high gain. Integrated analog signal processing filters as the basic unit circuit, it must conform to the development of the times. In this paper, based on a SETMOS hybrid device I-V characteristics model, a SETMOS integrator is realized based on this model, and then a second order low pass filter is designed and implemented by using the SETMOS integrator. It is expounded that there is the structure, operating condition, performance, parameter and characteristics for the SETMOS second-order low-pass filter. It is analyzed that are the transmission characteristics and DC gain of this filter, as well as the cutoff frequency and the parameters are related. In theory, it is explained that the hybrid SETMOS second low pass filter in the nano-circuit can be worked with 10¹⁰Hz frequency band. The transmission performance of the filter designed is simulated by SPICE. The simulation results confirm that the hybrid SETMOS filter has good frequency characteristics in the pass band range. The lowvoltage, low power and high frequency characteristics are demonstrated in the SETMOS second low pass filter. The method proposed in the paper is also applicable to other analog circuits composed by the hybrid SETMOS architectures.

By taking the red soil hilly region of Central Hunan Province in China as an example, this paper evaluated the risk degree of water and soil loss using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. Firstly, the synthetic index system of water and soil loss risk degree (WSLRD) evaluation was established based on the current situation, natural and human factors. Secondly, the weights of fifteen indices were determined using AHP methods. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the risk degree of water and soil loss at the research locations. The results showed that five cities (Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Loudi, and Yiyang) had a slight degree of risk, while Hengyang and Shaoyang had a middle degree of risk. The WSLRD in this region can provide scientific basis for developing effective plan of soil and water conversation, especially it is of importance to consider human activity factors when evaluating the risk.

Crop growth programs have been used in decision support systems for farmers for quite some time. However, the problem with these programs is that they are mostly crop specific, and are intended for use by educated personnel. In our paper, we explore the use of a generic crop growth model that can be integrated into a decision support system for farmers. We try and identify variables that have a significant impact on crop yield through sensitivity analysis. Such variables can then be implemented as a part of the decisions available to the users.

A three-dimension temperature distribution image of a forced ventilated greenhouse is given by calculating steady-state temperature fields based on a computational fluid dynamics modeling of a multi-span greenhouse from CFD software FLUENT. A experiment of measuring temperatures in several specific position inside the greenhouse and other climate parameters outside is conducted in a real production greenhouse, and a comparison is done to verify the accuracy of CFD model of the presented greenhouse. The results show that if more boundary conditions are defined with the measured value a more accurate model can be expected and some excellent prediction of temperature can be achieved.

The quality and security of agricultural products is the hot issue with public attention in China and also one of the issues that Chinese government attaches great importance to. This paper describes the principle of data mining technology and based on the environmental information data of agricultural production and the quality-security testing data of agricultural products, analyses the application of data mining technology in the quality and security of agricultural products.

With the objective of understanding the potential and limitations of satellite precipitation products for hydrological studies, this article compares TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission) precipitation product with observed precipitation data and analyzes its impacts on the water balance of the Upper Heihe River basin in Northwest China. TRMM 3b42 daily precipitation data were used to run the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) model for the period 1998~2000 after compared to gauged precipitations. Three stations were selected as the reference precipitation datasets. The results show that basin wide annual average precipitation relative error is only 8%, and TRMM monthly data performed relatively well with the correlation coefficients all above 0.85. Model results reveal that TRMM can reproduce the water cycle reasonably well at the basin scale and monthly time step.

Spatial pattern dynamics of plant community is a key indicator of long-term plant change in semi-arid ecosystems. This study uses high spatial resolution SPOT5 remote sensing data to detect the quasi-circular plant community patches to analyze the spatial pattern dynamics at Gudong Oil Field, China. The detection accuracy of quasi-circular plant community patches from SPOT5 is about 84%. Compared with the 2000, the amount of quasi-circular plant community patches increases from 169 to 204 in 2005, but the areas of 169 quasi-circular plant community patches in 2000 changes a little in 2005. Spatial patterns of quasi-circular plant community patches in 2000 and 2005 are analyzed using average nearest neighbor method in ArcGIS, and both of their spatial patterns are dispersed distribution. This is due to seismic exploration at Gudong Oil Field since 1980’s. These results show that high spatial resolution remote sensing data is simple and effective for detecting plant community patch, and easy to be used to study spatial pattern dynamics of plant community.

Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and EST-SSR markers were used to estimate the genetic relationship among thirty-nine P.sojae isolates from three locations in Heilongjiang Province, and nine isolates from Ohio in America were made as reference strains. 10 of 50 RAPD primers and 5 of 33 EST-SSR were polymorphic across 48 P.sojae isolates. Similarity values among P.sojae isolates were from 49% to 82% based on the RAPD data. The similarities based on EST-SSR markers ranged from 47% to 85%. The genetic diversity revealed by EST-SSR marker analysis was higher than that obtained from RAPD. The similarity matrices for the SSR data and the RAPD data were moderately correlated (r = 0.47). Genetic similarity coefficients were also relatively lower, which demonstrated complicated genetic background within each location. The high similarity values range revealed the ability of RAPD/EST-SSR markers to distinguish even among morphological similar phytophthora.

This paper studies price transmission mechanism of China’s broiler industry chain with Market-chain Cooperated Model (MCM), according to the monthly price data of corn, broiler compound feed, broiler chicks, live chicken and eviscerated chicken from 1994 June to 2011 October. The result shows that the price system of China’s broiler industry chain exists price transmission relationship, the price of representative products from upstream and midstream conducts obviously to downstream, and broiler compound feed price plays an important role in the price system. The result also indicates that the interior adjusting of broiler industry chain cannot guarantee that the entire price system recover to balance quickly. Therefore, the government needs to regulate timely the price system of broiler industry chain, especially the price change of feed and live broiler to maintain the price system relative stable.

To compare three traditional extraction methods (extraction with cold water, ultrasonic extraction and circumfluence extraction with hot water) of gastrodin and gastrodigenin, the best one is circumfluence extraction with hot water. And the optimum extraction process was carried out through orthogonal experiment. The best extraction temperature was 60°C, and extracted 3 times by 70% alcohol. The time for each extraction was 1 hour, and the quantity of alcohol used 10 times more than the quantity of sample. The contents of samples in different harvest festivals (from August to January) were determined. The best time is in September.

For the rigorous traffic safety issues resulting from rapid transportation development, as well as the more and more attention paid to the traffic accidents dynamic analysis and pre-alarm methods, combined with the practical needs of the highway safety management, this paper summarizes the experience of traffic safety pre-alarm research both in domestic and abroad, designs the frame of highway traffic accident management and pre-alarm system from the function and software engineering requirement, and refines kernel modules such as accident prone section judgement, traffic safety pre-alarm analysis and perfecting safety measures analysis, in order to guide the exploitation and application of the system.

The biological activity of teasaponins and their molecular structure are closely related, and the activity of saponins may be increased with the change of their molecular structure. In this report, teasaponins were hydrolyzed by Aspergillus niger for increasing the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of teasaponins before and after hydrolyzed was tested by DPPH, and the result showed four new teasaponins were produced after hydrolysis, and their antioxidant activity was increased significantly than the original teasaponins before hydrolysis, the radical scavenging capacity (RSC) was partly up to 95 %.

As the 3D point-cloud data increase greatly with the development of data acquisition technology, it is an important prerequisite to establish an efficient index constructing and neighbor searching algorithm for point-cloud in data processing. In this paper, an efficient algorithm of index constructing and neighbor searching for 3D LiDAR data was proposed based on the combination of 3D grid, linear octree and Hash table. An experiment was conducted about the 3D LiDAR data and the result shows that the proposed method has higher efficiency of data index constructing and neighbor searching for 3D point-cloud acquired by mobile LiDAR.

In order to effectively control the temperature of grain drying bin, grain ,air outlet as well as the grain moisture, it designed the control system of 5HCY-35 which is based on MCU to adapt to all grains drying conditions, high drying efficiency, long life usage and less manually. The system includes: the control module of the constant temperature and the temperature difference control in drying bin, the constant temperature control of heating furnace, on-line testing of moisture, variety of grain-circulation speed control and human-computer interaction interface. Spatial curve simulation, which takes moisture as control objectives, controls the constant temperature and the temperature difference in drying bin according to preset parameter by the user or a list to reduce the grains explosive to ensure the seed germination percentage. The system can realize the intelligent control of high efficiency and various drying, the good scalability and the high quality.

Threshold method was utilized to discriminate rice cropping systems based on the noticeable variation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during key growth stages in Poyang Lake Region, China. This area is dominated by double- and single rice cropping systems which tend to change due to the frequent ecosystem management policies. We used a new satellite data from the CCD camera sensor with 30 m spatial resolution onboard the China Environmental Satellite HJ-1A and B. The HJ -1A/B with a better temporal resolution of four days provides more data options for effective and timely agriculture monitoring. The result showed that there is evident difference of NDVI between single and late rice during mid October when they are in different growth stages. The areas of single and late rice in 2011 were 2988.6 km² and 3105.9 km², respectively. Paddy field distribution map and local paddy rice calendar are requisite to move the threshold method into other multiple rice cropping regions. The study suggests that the China Environmental Satellite HJ-1A/B have the potential to rice cropping system in the double to triple rice cropping systems area. With many advantages of HJ-1A/B, like, finer spatial and temporal resolution, bigger imaging swath, it may make rice cropping system monitoring more feasible and operational.

Generally, four three-axis magnetometers (TAMs) are used to measure magnetic gradient tensor. But the measurement precision of magnetic gradient tensor is tightly connected with the imperfect performance of sensors such as non-orthogonality, different scale factors and biases among sensitive axes, misalignment between different TAMs. It is necessary to calibrate and correct the measurement device to obtain precise magnetic gradient tensor. A mathematical model for calibration of the device measuring magnetic gradient tensor is established, and the calibration algorithm and its steps based on functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) and least-squares method (LSM) are proposed. The numerical simulations prove the effectiveness and good convergence of calibration algorithm, which can improve remarkably the measurement precision of magnetic gradient tensor.

The preparation of a ferrous chelate of hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) protein hydrolysate (Fe(II)-HPH) and its antibacterial activity were studied. The optimal conditions of hydrolysis by papain and ferrous chelation were obtained by single-factor experiments and orthogonal test, with the antibacterial activities as the index. In addition, the antibacterial activity of Fe(II)-HPH was evaluated using the Plackett–Burman design. The orthogonal test results showed that Fe(II)-HPH had an antibacterial activity of 98.3% under a temperature of 40 °C at pH 6.5 for an enzymolysis duration of eight hours in the presence of 20,000 U/g of enzyme. The Plackett–Burman design analysis showed that the three most significant factors (P < 0.05) influencing the antibacterial activity of Fe(II)-HPH were pH, the concentration (mg/mL), and presence of magnesium sulfate.

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to measure the levels of genetic variation and patterns of population structure within and among five extant populations of Brasenia schreberi, an endangered aquatic plant in China. Six primers selected from sixty ISSR primers were used in the study which amplified 49 reproducible bands with 22 (44.9%) being polymorphic, indicating low levels of genetic diversity at the species level. AMOVA analysis revealed that most genetic variation (85.64%) is present among populations. The low level of gene flow (N_m = 0.1) is estimated among five remaining populations. A Mantel test show significant relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.91). Several factors including clonal growth, habitat fragment, population isolation, restricted gene flow among populations and agricultural practices, might have played an important role in maintaining the genetic structure of B. schreberi populations in China. In view of the limited genetic information currently available for B. schreberi, we recommend in situ preservation of the remaining population.

Most minutiae-based matching algorithms consist of two phases, local match and global match. In the local phase, some corresponding pairs are obtained by comparing the affine-invariable features of minutiae. And then two images are aligned based on the candidate pairs. However, some spurious candidate pairs and the large nonlinear deformation in images lead to the failure in global match. In this paper, we proposed a novel minutiae-based matching scheme which insert a filtering step after the local match to discard the incompatible pairs and renovate the global match by dividing the whole image into small areas according to the location of the candidate pairs. Results on databases of FVC2004 validate our algorithm.

Developed an experimental device for rapid and accurate detection of milk macromolecular content. This device developed based on laser scattered through principle, the principle use of the ingredients of the scattered light and transmitted light ratio characterization of macromolecules. Peristaltic pump to achieve automatic input and output of the milk samples, designing weak signal detection amplifier circuit for detecting the ratio with ICL7650. Real-time operating system μC / OS-II is the core design of the software part of the whole system. The experimental data prove that the device can achieve a fast real-time measurement of milk macromolecules.

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is robust against frequency selective fading because of the increase of the symbol duration. However, the time-varying nature of the channel causes inter-carrier interference (ICI) which destroys the orthogonal of sub-carriers and degrades the system performance severely. To alleviate the detrimental effect of ICI, there is a need for ICI mitigation within one OFDM symbol. We propose an iterative Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) estimation and cancellation technique for OFDM systems based on regularized constrained total least squares. In the proposed scheme, ICI aren’t treated as additional additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The effect of Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) on channel estimation is regarded as perturbation of channel. We propose a novel algorithm for channel estimation o based on regularized constrained total least squares. Computer simulations show that significant improvement can be obtained by the proposed scheme in fast fading channels.

Farm field data information timely access is an important foundation of the modern precise management. A environmental information monitoring system was proposed based on Zigbee wireless sensor networks and field characteristics of environmental monitoring data information in this paper. The data acquisition by the sensor nodes of the monitoring regional, and a wireless network was constitute by multiple sensor node and network structure using a star topology, network coordinator is responsible for data collection and complete on-site data collection, processing, transmission and storage by RS232 interface connecting to a PC-side data management center. Practical application shows: the system has basically reached the design requirements provided some advantages with data transmission reliability and performance stability.

By using the RapidEye images of the Xianxun Highway in 2010 and 2011, two monitoring indices, the vegetation area and the vegetation coverage along the roadsides of highway, were estimated. Then the region being influenced by highway construction was determined according to the changing of indices with different buffer distance. The results indicate that during the period of Xianxun Highway construction, vegetation area changes are not significant in general and the region that vegetation coverage decreased is located in both roadsides of the highway. Considering the changing of the two indices with different buffer distance, the spatial extent for the region being influenced was up to 1000 meter at the both sides of the highway. The findings of this study could be useful for making effective strategies for avoiding the decrease in vegetation caused by highway constructions.

Road, as one element of the important human activities, has an influence on the land use on its two sides. With the ecological effects from the development of road network, the influence on ecological environment of roads' construction and its safety analysis have been of more and more importance. This paper, taking the example of road net in Deqin County, Deqin prefecture in the northwest of Yunnan Province and using the Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images taken respectively in 1999 and 2009, discusses the influence methods and characteristics of road net on the ecological environment around, via explaining, analyzing and comparing from different angles, i.e. the change of land use type and area in this area and within 2 km buffer area of the road net.

In order to position, the algorithms of three satellites and two is designed when the equation groups constituted by received satellite signals can’t be solved by traditional algorithm in no light of sky. The equation groups are constituted by received signal equations and earth ellipsoid equation. The equation groups are linearized with firstorder Taylor series, and the location result was solved by Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm. The measurement results based on this new algorithm were analyzed in this paper and it perfectly shows that the three satellites positioning is a good supplement to the conventional location, and the Two Satellites Positioning is a useful reference when there are no enough satellites that can be received.

In order to achieve the water demand information accurately detect of the greenhouse crop and its precision irrigation automatic control, this article has designed a set of the irrigated control system based on ZigBee and fuzzy PID technology, which composed by the soil water potential sensor, CC2530F256 wireless microprocessor, IAR Embedded Workbench software development platform. And the time of Irrigation as the output .while the amount of soil water potential and crop growth cycle as the input. The article depended on Greenhouse-grown Jatropha to verify the object, the results show that the system can irrigate timely and appropriately according to the soil water potential and water demend of the different stages of Jatropha growth , which basically meet the design requirements. Therefore, the system has broad application prospects in the amount of greenhouse crop of fine control irrigation.

The albedo is an important factor of the earth's climate system, and also is a key input parameter of the regional climate models. Diurnal and seasonal characteristics of surface albedo in the temperate desert steppe were investigated during the 2008 growing season. The results showed that the diurnal dynamics of surface albedo was affected by the solar altitude, and took U-shaped with higher just after sunrise, before sunset and lower in the midday. Average surface albedo was 0.25 during the growing season, ranging from 0.20 to 0.34. Seasonal surface albedo showed higher in May, decreased in June, kept relatively stable from July to September, and increased in October. This variation was related to the phenology of the grassland canopy. Leaf area index and soil water content were the primary factors of surface albedo.

Unmanned air vehicle remotely-sensed imagery on the low-altitude has the advantages of higher revolution, easy-shooting, real-time accessing, etc. It’s been widely used in mapping , target identification, and other fields in recent years. However, because of conditional limitation, the video images are unstable, the targets move fast, and the shooting background is complex, etc., thus it is difficult to process the video images in this situation. In other fields, especially in the field of computer vision, the researches on video images are more extensive., which is very helpful for processing the remotely-sensed imagery on the low-altitude. Based on this, this paper analyzes and summarizes amounts of video image processing achievement in different fields, including research purposes, data sources, and the pros and cons of technology. Meantime, this paper explores the technology methods more suitable for low-altitude video image processing of remote sensing.

To assess the nutritional value and safety quality of rice bran oil (RBO) ,fatty acids of RBO from 15 species rice come from Hunan Province were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). Crude RBOs were extracted by hexane 3-times using a solvent-to-rice bran ratio of 3:1 (w/w) at 40°C and composition of RBOs was analyzed by HRGC. The result showed that main fatty acids of 15 kinds of RBO include myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), arachidic acid (C20:0), arachidonic acid (C20:1). It is strange that arachidonic acid (C20:1) is not listed in Chinese standard of RBO (GB11192-2003), and it exists in our samples of RBO. The average value of linolenic acid in RBOs is 1.6304% (range from 1.2425% to 2.131%), and it showed higher level comparing with Chinese standard that linolenic acid is less than 1.0%. The average value of USFA and SFA are 76.81% (range 75.96% to 82.06% ) and 20.15% (range 13.72% to 23.06%) respectively, and USFA content is close to olive oil (83.75%), peanut oil (81.75%) and soybean oil (85.86%). USFA in Jingyou 13 RBO is the highest content. The ratio of USFA to SFA content is 4:1 (range from 3.32 to 5.98:1). The ratio of SFA: MUFA: PUFA of 15 RBOs is 1: 2.2: 1.8, and ω6/ω3 ratio is 21.69 (range from16.54 to 27.28) and it is close to the 26:1 which is reported to be helpful to increase SOD activity. The oleic acid /linoleic acid ratio of 15 RBOs is 1.23:1 (rang from 1.04:1 to 1.42:1). Our data analyzed composition of RBOs from 15 species rice of China and will provide new evidence to revise RBO standard. It also helps us to assess nutritional value of RBOs and identify different RBOs from various species rice and places of origin.

In order to increase physiological activity of soyasaponin, enzyme hydrolysis of soyasaponin was studied. The enzyme which hydrolyzes soyasaponin to lower sugar soyasaponin was obtained from Aspergillus sp.39s. And it was purified by the method of biologic chromatography system. The method of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the molecular weight of the enzyme produced by Aspergillus sp.39s. The molecular weight was about 50 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of soyasaponin-β-galactosidase produced from sp.39s was 5.0 and 40°C respectively. Soyasaponin-β-galactosidase was comparatively stable in the pH range from 3.0 to 7.0 and in the temperature range from 20°C to 60°C.

The photosynthesis of rice sheath plays a significant role to furnish rice yield, and it is accounted for 10 to 20% of the final yield. But, limited studies have been done to address this phenomenon and to characterize the features of the photosynthetic tissue in rice sheath. In this paper, a super hybrid rice and a hybrid rice were studied as the experimental materials, and the characteristics of the photosynthetic tissue in rice sheaths were examined by microscopic and super-microscopic observation. The results showed that the photosynthetic tissue of rice sheath was rich in the intact mesophyllous cells full of chloroplasts, grana and thylakoids, which were much the same as those of rice blade. The stomatal density in the outer epidermises of the sheaths was comparable to those in the up- and down-epidermises of the blades. The mesophyllous cells in the sheaths were also rich in chlorophylls, and had the net photosynthetic rate (P_n). Therefore, rice sheath was also full of the intact photosynthetic apparatus similar to those in rice blade, and had capabilities of photosynthesis.

Crop diseases occurrence have a great impact on Agricultural Production. Using the technology based on machine recognition to identify crop diseases automatically has important significance on agricultural production. The principles of the Bayesian Classification and the Fuzzy Pattern Recognition are introduced in this paper. Classification on 5 kinds of corn leaf diseases spot respectively are implemented based these two methods. The results show that the average recognition rate of Fuzzy Pattern Recognition is higher than Bayesian Classification’s on corn leaf disease spot. Average recognition rate of the 5 kinds of corn leaf disease spot is more than 93%.

The relationship between crop ET(Evapotranspiration) and yield is the theory base of agricultural irrigation management. Research on the interval amount of suitable crop ET is the most important headline of irrigation planning and water resources allocation. This paper, on the basis of previous field research works, taking winter wheat as an example, firstly analyzed the rule of crop water consumption during the whole growing stage and the relationship between ET and biomass, water productivity. Then, the relationship models of ET-biomass and ET-water productivity at the whole growing stage were established in Beijing by using remote-sensing ET and biomass, and the suitable water consumption interval for the winter wheat under the condition of non-sufficient irrigation was deduced[300mm,408mm]. At the last, the application characteristics and the main influences on the models were discussed. The paper provides scientific basis and reference for further research on improving crop water productivity and yield under the condition of non-sufficient irrigation in Northern semi-arid region.

The control to temperature and humidity of small civilian granary is great important to grain storage. In this paper, we propose a smart surveillance device to monitor temperature and humidity in real-time to ensure high quality food storage. This simple and small size device could achieve good anti-jamming at extremely low power consumption. It could automatically trigger the sound-light alarm when either temperature or humidity is higher than a preset threshold value.

Measuring liquid level with high accuracy is an urgent requirement. This paper mainly focus on the demodulation system of fiber-optic liquid level sensor based on Fabry-Perot cavity, design and simulate the demodulation system by the single-chip simulation software.

The effect of soil temperature on FDR soil moisture sensor near freezing point was analyzed under frozen and unfrozen conditions based on datum including frozen soil, soil temperature and soil moisture from automatic FDR soil moisture monitor at Anyang and Sanmenxia between 1st Dec. 2010 and 20th Feb. 2011. Results revealed that: The cycle of soil temperature caused corresponding periodical variation of volume water content monitored by FDR sensor, and the amplitude was larger in frozen days than that in unfrozen days. Between 0°C~10°C, soil temperature affect FDR sensor results linearly, temperature correction coefficient of GStar-1 sensor is 0.16% (v/v) every degree, similar with coefficient of PR2 from Delta-T. Temperature affects FDR sensor results exponentially below 0°C. FDR sensor can be used in automatic frozen soil observation after the standard of unfrozen water content was defined in frozen soil.

Humidity monitoring is more and more emphasized on agriculture. Optical fiber humidity sensor has been paid great attention based on its excellent properties. In this paper, a novel method for the optic fiber F-P sensors based on the optimum double wavelength stabilization technique is put forward to use in humidity monitoring. The controlling system of work point which used for sensor stabilization is designed. DE algorithm stabilization model of sensing system is established. The working wavelength of DWDM and length of F-P cavity are calculated by the DE optimization design method. A sensing system with higher orthogonal precision is designed. The experimental setup of light route test is established. The results show that the light route performance of sensing system is well. This stabilization method is totally passive and offers a high resolution. It can satisfy the stabilization need of optical fiber F-P humidity sensor working point. DE algorithm can be used for the structural optimization design of optical fiber F-P humidity sensor.

We proposed a novel equalization technique to suppress noise interference in wireless communications over time varying multipath channels. In the doubly-selective channel, error exists not only in the received signal but also the channel matrix. Total least squares method can be applied to resolve this type problem. Owing to considering the two errors, the total least squares (TLS) method tends to give better results than zero-forcing method based on least square. Through computer simulations, we demonstrate the better performance of the equalizer based on TLS then ZF equalizer.

Micro-environment such as temperature influenced the growth and quality of plantlets in vitro. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameter is an important one for photosynthesis capacity in plant. The modulated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system can be used for obtaining ChlF imaging and signal of plantlet in vitro because the container has light permeability. Therefore, the biological activity and growth condition of plantlet in vitro can be estimated by sterilely measuring the characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence. This study determined the parameter of chlorophyll fluorescence in Orychophragmus violaceus plantlets in vitro preserved under different temperature levels (0, 4, and 8°C). The results showed that photosynthesis capacity in Orychophragmus violaceus plantlets in vitro preserved under 4°C condition were higher than that under 0°C or 8°C conditions. The plantlets in vitro preserved under 4°C condition maintained a high vitality to be subcultured.

The model of electromagnetic-wave propagation in an inhomogeneous plasma sphere was built up, and the electromagnetic-wave refraction and absorption attenuation were discussed. Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation indicate that electron density in the inhomogeneous plasma sphere changes more quickly, the more electromagnetic-wave trajectory is deflected, and energy attenuation is more obvious, the better stealth effect takes.

Continuously variable transmission system can ensure that the engine work along the line of best fuel economy, improve fuel economy, save fuel and reduce harmful gas emissions. At the same time, continuously variable transmission allows the vehicle speed is more smooth and improves the ride comfort. Although the CVT technology has made great development, but there are many shortcomings in the CVT. The CVT system of ordinary vehicles now is still low efficiency, poor starting performance, low transmission power, and is not ideal controlling, high cost and other issues. Therefore, many scholars began to study some new type of continuously variable transmission. The transmission system with electronic systems control can achieve automatic control of power transmission, give full play to the characteristics of the engine to achieve optimal control of powertrain, so the vehicle is always traveling around the best condition. Electronic control unit is composed of the core processor, input and output circuit module and other auxiliary circuit module. Input module collects and process many signals sent by sensor and , such as throttle angle, brake signals, engine speed signal, speed signal of input and output shaft of transmission, manual shift signals, mode selection signals, gear position signal and the speed ratio signal, so as to provide its corresponding processing for the controller core.

High-energy area source electron gun is a key component in image intensifier screen testing instrument. On the basis of the analysis of relationship between thermal emission characteristics, the shape of filament and the density of thermal electron emission, high-energy area source electron gun is designed. The distribution of electric field and electronic tracks are theoretically analyzed and calculated to make it has features of dispersing, uniform, converging and submerging. By testing a standard screen, correct the structure of high-energy area source electron gun to meet the requirements of test indexes and obtain reasonable high-energy area source electron gun. Its successful development provides effective technical support to the luminous screen test for uniformity, brightness, luminescence efficiency and afterglow and to the examination of other components (such as MCP parameters)of Low-light Image Intensifier.

effect of simvastatin locally applied from a bioactive polymer coating of implants on osteoporotic fracture healing at late period. Methods:Femur fracture model was established on normal or osteotoporotic mature female SD rats, intramedullary stabilization was achieved with uncoated titanium Kirschnerwires in normal rats(group A),with polymer-only coated vs. polymer plus simvastatin coated titanium Kirschner wires in osteoporotic rats(group B and C, respectively).Femurs were harvested after 12 weeks, and underwent radiographic and histologic analysis, as well as immunohistochemical evaluation for BMP-2 expression. Results:Radiographic results demonstrated progressed callus in the simvastatin-treated groups compared to the uncoated group.The histologic analysis revealed a significantly processed callus with irregular-shaped newly formed bone trabeculae in simvastatin-treated group. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed markedly higher expression levels of B:MP-2 in simvastatin-treated group.Conclusions: The present study revealed a improved fracture healing under local application of simvastatin in osteoporotic rat,which might partially from upregulation of the B:MP-2 expression at fractured site.

Purposes: The study of several insulation in cold conditions in Xinjiang Gobi Grape safe winter effect. Procedures and Method: The use of real-time U-plate thermometer to measure temperature changes recorded instrument to study the severe winter conditions, several insulation effect at different depths of grape root, and the cold resistance of winter grape roots at different depths variation; research in the coming year the spring and summer seasons, blooming the results of several insulation grape growth and development. Results: Several insulation Gobi Grape security winter better, surface temperature is largely improved compared with the control. The D900 collodions+ enhanced membrane to improve the 11.69°C, non-woven + buried improve the 10.09°C. D900 no glue cotton + enhanced membrane covering the grape surface ≤-5°C continuous days of relatively non-woven + buried reduce eight days underground 30cm, a decrease of 5 days. D900 no glue cotton + Enhanced membrane covering the minimum grape underground temperature than the non-woven+ buried there is a significant improvement of the surface temperature has increased 1.57°C, the underground at 30 cm temperature has increased 1.08°C, 60cm, underground buried than the processing temperature has increased 1.54°C, the insulation effect. Conclusions: Xinjiang cold conditions, the D900 without glue cotton+ film way cover the grapes can live through the winter, is to protect the winter safety of the grapes and grape production.

We present an algorithm based on the Particle Filter algorithmand Background Subtraction algorithm. Particle Filter can track target robustly under kinds of noise conditions, and it’s robust to partial occlusion.However, it cannot recover from large proportion of occlusion and total occlusion.Background Subtraction algorithmcan detectnew target which emergeon a relatively stable background.The hybrid algorithm can recover fromlarge proportion of occlusion and total occlusion. A new occlusion measurement factor is imported to switchthe Particle Filter algorithm to Background subtraction algorithm when the target is occluded largely or totally, and switch Background subtraction algorithm to the Particle Filter algorithm when the target went out of the occlusion. The experimental results show that the hybrid algorithm was robust to partial and total occlusions.

This paper utilizes the multi-field coupling theory to conduct numerical simulation for the electrolyte flow state between the anode and cathode of ELID (Electrolytic In-process Dressing) - ultrasound dressing system. The simulation results show that this theory is an effective solution to the electrolyte’s uneven distribution problem of traditional ELID dressing, thereby the uniform electrolysis on the grinding wheel surface enabling the oxide film to cover the entire surface. In addition, as the local vibration of the electrolyte caused by the ultrasonic vibration is conductive for the updating of ion concentration reacting around the electrolyte as well as the acceleration of the process of the electrode reaction. This method is suitable for ultra-precision grinding as well as the high-speed and efficient grinding.

A mobile ad hoc network is a new type of wireless networking paradigm which, in general, consists of solely mobile hosts and dispenses with infrastructure. One main challenge in design of mobile ad hoc networks is the vulnerability to security attacks. Without physical boundaries, a mobile ad hoc network faces many more security threats than a wired network does. Therefore the security of mobile ad hoc networks is one of the major research interests in wireless communications. In contrast with conventional networks, public key management protocols of mobile ad hoc networks do not based on infrastructures, where we can use trusted third parties or centralized servers for key management. This is because that the topology of mobile ad hoc networks is unknown due to link and node failures and to node mobility. For these factors, traditional key management solutions which require on-line trusted authorities or certificate authorities are not suitable for securing mobile ad hoc networks. In this report, we first review some existed public-key management protocols for mobile ad hoc networks and after that we propose a fully distributed public –key management model which does not need the third trusted authority.

The route relationship matrix M is employed in this paper to indicate relationship between routes. The travel solutions for bus stations are obtained by matrix operation. Through the data mining to the history record of transportation information, the road transportation status at specific time interval can be predicted. Based on the predication, the best travel solutions can be found. The algorithm fully uses history transportation information, optimizes the travel solutions according to the time consumed. It can satisfy the time requirement of traveler and is very useful.

Gait recognition refers to automatic identification of individual based on his/her style of walking. This paper proposes a gait recognition method based on Continuous Hidden Markov Model with Mixture of Gaussians(G-CHMM). First, we initialize a Gaussian mix model for training image sequence with K-means algorithm, then train the HMM parameters using a Baum-Welch algorithm. These gait feature sequences can be trained and obtain a Continuous HMM for every person, therefore, the 7 key frames and the obtained HMM can represent each person's gait sequence. Finally, the recognition is achieved by Front algorithm. The experiments made on CASIA gait databases obtain comparatively high correction identification ratio and comparatively strong robustness for variety of bodily angle.

This paper applies Chinese word segmentation technology to the automatic extraction and description of the relationship between concepts. It takes text as corpus, matches the concept-pairs by rules and then describes the relationship between concepts in statistical methods. The paper implements an experiment based on the text in the field "respond to emergency", and optimizes speech tagging on account of experimental results, so that the relations extracted are more meaningful to emergency response. It analyzes the display order of inquiries and formulates rules of response and makes the results more meaningful. Consequently, the method turns out to be effective, and can be flexibly extended to other areas.

This paper presents a novel modulation scheme that is specifically designed for data of variable rate. Proposed design adopts 8PSK model and can processes signal with symbol rate even varying from 4.5Msps to 100Msps continuously. Realization on FPGA demonstrates the good performance of the proposed idea.

"􀀶oftware engineering" is different from the general professional courses, it is born for getting rid of the software crisis and adapting to the development of software industry, it is a theory course, especially a practical course. However, due to the own characteristics of software engineering curriculum, in the daily teaching process, concerning theoretical study, students may feel boring, obtain low interest in learning and poor test results and other problems. ASPNET design technique is adopted and Access 2007 database is used for system to design and realize "Software Engineering" teaching website. System features mainly include theoretical teaching, case teaching, practical teaching, teaching interaction, database, test item bank, announcement, etc., which can enhance the vitality, interest and dynamic role of learning.