A small satellite version of a broad-band soft x-ray polarimeter

Herman L. Marshall; Sarah N. T. Heine; Alan Garner; Eric M. Gullikson; H. Moritz Günther; Christopher Leitz; Rebecca Masterson; Eric D. Miller; William Zhang; Rozenn Boissay Malaquin; Ilaria Caiazzo; Deepto Chakrabarty; Rosemary Davidson; Luigi C. Gallo; Ralf K. Heilmann; Jeremy Heyl; Erin Kara; Alan Marscher; Norbert S. Schulz

doi:10.1117/12.2562811

13 December 2020 A small satellite version of a broad-band soft x-ray polarimeter

Herman L. Marshall, Sarah N. T. Heine, Alan Garner, Eric M. Gullikson, H. Moritz Günther, Christopher Leitz, Rebecca Masterson, Eric D. Miller, William Zhang, Rozenn Boissay Malaquin, Ilaria Caiazzo, Deepto Chakrabarty, Rosemary Davidson, Luigi C. Gallo, Ralf K. Heilmann, Jeremy Heyl, Erin Kara, Alan Marscher, Norbert S. Schulz

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 11444, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray; 114442Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562811
Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2020, Online Only

Abstract

We describe a new implementation of a broad-band soft X-ray polarimeter, substantially based on a previous design. This implementation, the Pioneer Soft X-ray Polarimeter (PiSoX) is a SmallSat, designed for NASA’s call for Astrophysics Pioneers, small missions that could be CubeSats, balloon experiments, or SmallSats. As in REDSoX, the grating arrangement is designed optimally for the purpose of polarimetry with broad-band focussing optics by matching the dispersion of the spectrometer channels to laterally graded multilayers (LGMLs). The system can achieve polarization modulation factors over 90%. For PiSoX, the optics are lightweight Si mirrors in a one-bounce parabolic configuration. High efficiency, blazed gratings from opposite sectors are oriented to disperse to a LGML forming a channel covering the wavelength range from 35 Å to 75 Å (165 - 350 eV). Upon satellite rotation, the intensities of the dispersed spectra, after reflection and polarizing by the LGMLs, give the three Stokes parameters needed to determine a source’s linear polarization fraction and orientation. The design can be extended to higher energies as LGMLs are developed further. We describe examples of the potential scientific return from instruments based on this design.

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Herman L. Marshall, Sarah N. T. Heine, Alan Garner, Eric M. Gullikson, H. Moritz Günther, Christopher Leitz, Rebecca Masterson, Eric D. Miller, William Zhang, Rozenn Boissay Malaquin, Ilaria Caiazzo, Deepto Chakrabarty, Rosemary Davidson, Luigi C. Gallo, Ralf K. Heilmann, Jeremy Heyl, Erin Kara, Alan Marscher, and Norbert S. Schulz "A small satellite version of a broad-band soft x-ray polarimeter", Proc. SPIE 11444, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, 114442Y (13 December 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562811

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