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Reliable phase-only spatial light modulators (SLMs) are in demand for accurate phase modulation. However, the nonlinear optical response of liquid crystals and the limited manufacturing process can lead to the spatial nonuniformity of the phase modulation of the SLM. The transfer from the grayscale to the modulated phase can be different from the lookup table (LUT) shown in the SLM manual. The SLM should be measured for calibration. We propose a calibration method based on digital holography to calibrate the spatial nonuniformity of phase modulation of the SLM. Using a self-generated grating, the SLM involved system is converted to the calibration system based on the principle of digital holography. The in-situ strategy for low cost and efficient calibration was demonstrated with optical experiments using a 4K (3840 × 2160 pixels) phase-only SLM. The spatial nonuniformity was calibrated to decrease by more than 75% using only a beam splitter and an imaging sensor.
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