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Several previous studies investigate the performance of radiologists in western countries when reading 3D mammographic cases, however the diagnostic efficacy of this modality in China is understudied. This study aimed to improve the understanding of reading performance of 3D mammography among Chinese radiologists and compare their performances with Australian radiologists. One test set consisting of 35 3D mammography cases was used to assess reading performance. Twelve Chinese and twelve Australian radiologists read the test set independently and provide a score of 1-5 to each perceived cancer lesion. Case sensitivity, specificity, lesion sensitivity and Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) were used to assess performance and radiologists’ characteristics were collected. Performance metrics and characteristics were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests and Fisher’s Exact tests. Higher specificity (0.65 vs 0.38, p=0.0003), lesion sensitivity (0.70 vs 0.40, p=0.0172) and AUC (0.81 vs 0.57, p=0.0001) were found in Australian radiologists compared to their Chinese counterparts. There was no difference between case sensitivity (0.82 vs 0.75, p=0.31). Higher values for number of years reading 3D mammography (p=0.0194) and cases read per week (p=0.0122) and numbers of hours of reading per week of 2D mammography (p=0.0094) were shown among the Australian group. In conclusion, Australian radiologists had higher reading performance when reading a 3D mammography test set compared to Chinese radiologists. Training and education programs of 3D mammography may effectively address this discrepancy.
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