We applied a multiphoton tomograph for multimodal multiphoton imaging of extracted human teeth based on two-photon excited fluorescence, phosphorescence, and second harmonic generation. Fine details of the dentin and enamel could be revealed at and below the surface. Spectral and time decay analysis indicated the presence of a signal in the red spectral region, which could originate from the caries infestation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging showed clearly mono- and bi-exponential decay characteristics for parts of the enamel and dentin. Furthermore, weak phosphorescence with a decay time of approximately 90 µs could be recorded from the dentin of the root section. The fact that whole teeth could be directly used for multiphoton tomography without any histological treatment or preparation and, nevertheless, provided a high information content confirms the huge potential for the study of physiological and pathological conditions in dentistry and for femtosecond laser-guided treatment by multiphoton ablation.
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