3D-printed eye phantoms as physiological and pathological standards for training and instrument development

Jane Walter; Kelvin Chau; Joshua Craig; Thomas Looi; Lothar Lilge; Ashwin Mallipatna

doi:10.1117/12.3012660

12 March 2024 3D-printed eye phantoms as physiological and pathological standards for training and instrument development

Jane Walter, Kelvin Chau, Joshua Craig, Thomas Looi, Lothar Lilge, Ashwin Mallipatna

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 12832, Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings X; 1283208 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012660
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2024, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Early identification of conditions that can lead to blindness is critical for saving vision. The optical red-reflex test (RRT), which assesses the light reflections from the back of the eye, is a key exam for identifying adverse eye conditions in very young children. However, healthcare workers generally learn the RRT using peer practice and do not have the opportunity to observe abnormal reflexes, especially for rarer conditions, during training. The light reflections also differ in appearance between populations due to different pigmentation levels, so effective training requires practice with a diverse population. We have developed a set of 3D model eyes that aim to accurately mimic the response of eyes with varying pigmentation levels in the RRT, both for healthy eyes and pathologies that can be identified using the RRT. We characterized the optical properties of a set of full-color 3D printing materials (a white scattering material and four transparent colors - cyan, magenta, yellow and black). These properties were used to determine the number of layers, layer thicknesses, and color and scattering material combinations needed to match the reflectance of different fundi, given the constraints of the 3Dprinter. The model eyes can be used as an inexpensive tool for training a wide variety of health professionals to recognize abnormal reflections from the eye and as a reference standard for developing or calibrating eye screening instruments and tools.

Conference Presentation

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

Jane Walter, Kelvin Chau, Joshua Craig, Thomas Looi, Lothar Lilge, and Ashwin Mallipatna "3D-printed eye phantoms as physiological and pathological standards for training and instrument development", Proc. SPIE 12832, Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings X, 1283208 (12 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012660

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