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1 November 2024 Mid-infrared imaging and ranging with single-photon detectors using efficient upconversion in PPLN waveguides
I. Morland, R. Smith, J. Thomas, K. Pandiyan, C. B. E. Gawith, L. J. McKnight
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Proceedings Volume 13200, Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications XXI; 132000H (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031616
Event: Security + Defence, 2024, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Abstract
Single-photon detectors record photon-detection events with high efficiency and picosecond-timing resolution allowing for lidar (ranging) with millimetre depth resolution and low light levels. However, only silicon SPADs offer high quantum efficiency without cryogenic cooling. InGaAs SPADs are limited to below a wavelength of 1800 nm with low efficiencies. We have developed an approach for high single-photon detection efficiencies in the mid-infrared (2-3.5um) using upconversion in a PPLN waveguide in combination with a silicon SPAD. Using a waveguide we confine the mode over extended lengths to increase conversion efficiency and reduce the required pump power. Using a precision-machining waveguide fabrication process we have fabricated waveguides that support modes in the mid-infrared with low loss. We show overall photon detection efficiency in excess of InGaAs SPADs. We use our new detection system for imaging and ranging applications.
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I. Morland, R. Smith, J. Thomas, K. Pandiyan, C. B. E. Gawith, and L. J. McKnight "Mid-infrared imaging and ranging with single-photon detectors using efficient upconversion in PPLN waveguides", Proc. SPIE 13200, Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications XXI, 132000H (1 November 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031616
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KEYWORDS
Waveguides
Mid infrared
Single photon detectors
Upconversion
Ranging
Semiconducting wafers
Indium gallium arsenide
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