Characteristics of color constellations observed in the Seattle cityscape were as follows: (1) The higher the chroma of hues within the color constellation the more distinct it became. These colors advanced and often appeared to float in a plane independent of the objects of which they were a part. Chroma was the most important characteristic in these constellations. (2) Hue variations within constellations were two steps on the NCS Index (i.e. Y70R to Y90R), and nuance variations were 10% or less (i.e. S1080 to S2070). (3) Color elements in a constellation were usually seen as fragments of buildings, structures, and objects in which their three-dimensional shapes we not as obvious. (4) Size and shape were similar in most color constellations observed.. (5) Color constellations in chroma below c=50 were observed where distance, light, and/or atmospheric conditions obscured edges and the visual field appeared two- dimensional. This was consistent with Swirnoff's findings in model studies where color was the dominant factor in organization only to the monocular observer. (6) Color elements in a color constellation below c equals 50 occurred where background contrast was minimal. (7) Three or more color elements were necessary for the formation of a constellation.
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