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Metal nanoparticles can strongly enhance such nonlinear optical processes as harmonic generation and multiphoton photoluminescence due to their high electronic polarizabilities, intense optical resonances and high surface-to-volume ratio. Heavily doped semiconductor nanoparticles, such as metal chalcogenides, can also exhibit plasmonic resonances in addition to their excitonic response. Here we describe frequency upconversion in bilayer nanoparticle thin-film structures comprising copper sulfide and gold nanoparticles separated by insulating ligands or thin films when excited by near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The surprisingly large third-harmonic signal is due to coherent excitation of the LSPR in both semiconducting and metallic nanoparticles – a mechanism validated by a dipole-dipole model calculation
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Richard F. Haglund Jr., Nathan Spear, Yueming Yan, Joshua Queen, Mahi R. Singh, Janet E. Macdonald, "Optical harmonics from coupled plasmons in nanoparticle bilayers," Proc. SPIE PC12431, Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures XIII, PC1243114 (17 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2661284