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Recently, the ultrafast Bessel beam has emerged as an efficient tool to structure nano-volumes in sapphire crystals with a high aspect ratio of more than 100. To increase the controllability of the process, there is a quest to understand better the interaction of ultrafast Bessel beams with sapphire in intensity ranges pertinent for nanostructuring. In the present study, we investigate the ultrafast interaction of a short-pulsed Bessel beam with a single-crystal sapphire sample using time-resolved phase contrast and quantitative phase contrast microscopy techniques. The time-resolved relaxation dynamics reveal that the plasma phase in sapphire persisted for the duration of a few ns followed by the tens of ns long hot phase that triggers amorphisation. Around 100 ns the manifestation of nano-volume expansion becomes visible. This study contributes to attaining precise control in the laser processing of sapphire for scientific and industrial applications.
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Rajeev Dwivedi, Huu Dat Nguyen, Thirunaukkarasu Kuppan, Ciro d'Amico, Razvan Stoian, "Dynamics of ultrafast laser nanostructuring in bulk sapphire in non-diffractive mode: a micro-explosion in slow motion," Proc. SPIE PC13005, Laser + Photonics for Advanced Manufacturing , PC130050R (20 June 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017189