Recently, ferroelectric phenomena have been identified in nematic liquid crystal phases, which have attracted considerable attention. Ferroelectricity is only observed in systems with a special symmetry that lacks an inversion center, and in liquid crystals it has been observed only in chiral smectic C phases, for example. Since nematic phases have been considered to have mirror symmetry and no macroscopic polarization, ferroelectric nematic phases are very interesting from both fundamental and applied viewpoints. We have investigated the orientation behavior of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals (FNLCs) on various alignment films such as rubbing and photoalignment. Here we report the polarization alignment behavior of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals on rubbed polyimide and photoalignment films. We will also discuss polarization alignments in cells combining various different oriented films.
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