Open Access
18 November 2019 Verteporfin- and sodium porfimer-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances pancreatic cancer cell death without activating stromal cells in the microenvironment
Jingjing Lu, Bhaskar Roy, Marlys Anderson, Cadman L. Leggett, Michael J. Levy, Brian Pogue, Tayyaba Hasan, Kenneth K. Wang
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

The goal of our study was to determine the susceptibility of different pancreatic cell lines to clinically applicable photodynamic therapy (PDT). The efficacy of PDT of two different commercially available photosensitizers, verteporfin and sodium porfimer, was compared using a panel of four different pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1, BxPC-3, CAPAN-2, and MIA PaCa-2, and an immortalized non-neoplastic pancreatic ductal epithelium cell line, HPNE. The minimum effective concentrations and dose-dependent curves of verteporfin and sodium porfimer on PANC-1 were determined. Since pancreatic cancer is known to have significant stromal components, the effect of PDT on stromal cells was also assessed. To mimic tumor–stroma interaction, a co-culture of primary human fibroblasts or human pancreatic stellate cell (HPSCs) line with PANC-1 was used to test verteporfin-PDT-mediated cell death of PANC-1. Two cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were used for stimulation of primary fibroblasts (derived from human esophageal biopsies) or HPSCs. The increased expression of smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) confirmed the activation of fibroblasts or HPSC upon treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β. Cell death assays showed that both sodium porfimer- and verteporfin-mediated PDT-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. However, verteporfin-PDT treatment had a greater efficiency with 60  ×   lower concentration than sodium porfimer-PDT in the PANC-1 incubated with stimulated fibroblasts or HPSC. Moreover, activation of stromal cells did not affect the treatment of the pancreatic cancer cell lines, suggesting that the effects of PDT are independent of the inflammatory microenvironment found in this two-dimensional culture model of cancers.

CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
Jingjing Lu, Bhaskar Roy, Marlys Anderson, Cadman L. Leggett, Michael J. Levy, Brian Pogue, Tayyaba Hasan, and Kenneth K. Wang "Verteporfin- and sodium porfimer-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances pancreatic cancer cell death without activating stromal cells in the microenvironment," Journal of Biomedical Optics 24(11), 118001 (18 November 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.11.118001
Received: 18 March 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 18 November 2019
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CITATIONS
Cited by 21 scholarly publications and 1 patent.
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KEYWORDS
Sodium

Photodynamic therapy

Pancreatic cancer

Cell death

Tumors

Cancer

In vitro testing

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