Next-generation communication systems require rapid and efficient control of terahertz (THz) signals to encode data streams. Graphene-based metamaterials emerge as a promising candidate for effective THz modulation as a result of graphene’s large electrically controllable conductivity. However, a significant challenge arises from the inability of graphene to achieve full depletion at the Dirac point, limiting the modulation depth in most LC-resonant metamaterial modulators in transmission. To overcome this limitation, we exploit the destructive interference of Fresnel reflection components. Our study shows single-layer, solid-state graphene-based modulators operating in the terahertz range with several orders of magnitude modulation depth, validated through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. These findings underscore the potential of graphene-based metamaterials in advancing THz communication technologies.
THz nonlinearity is reported in actively tunable integrated graphene/metamaterial arrays by using an ultrafast tabletop powerful time domain spectroscopic system with incident E-field energy pulses between 1 kV/cm and 100 kV/cm. The nonlinear interaction between the main metamaterial resonance and the sub-ps THz pulses produced a few distinct nonlinear phenomena, such as harmonic generation, optical Kerr effect. The complex dispersive properties of these devices pave the way for a plethora of novel functionalities, ranging from frequency generation to saturable absorbers.
We report on the THz harmonic generation in a graphene/metamaterial device by using ultrafast table top powerful THz-TDS systems. A complex nonlinear transmission spectra, which includes a peak at the third harmonic signal is detected on top of the main resonant features at 0.65 THz, for E-field pulses in the range 1-30 kV/cm. Whilst these results are consistent with acquainted literature, they offer a novel perspective for the exploitation of graphene nonlinearity in integrated devices.
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