Dr. Alexander Toet Profile

Targets that are well camouflaged under static conditions are often easily detected as soon as they start moving. We investigated and evaluated ways to design camouflage that dynamically adapts to the background and conceals the target while taking the variation in potential viewing directions into account. In a human observer experiment recorded imagery was used to simulate moving (either walking or running) and static soldiers, equipped with different types of camouflage patterns and viewed from different directions. Participants were instructed to search for the soldier and to make a speeded response as soon as they detected the soldier. Mean correct search times and mean detection probability were compared between soldiers in standard (Netherlands) Woodland uniform, in static camouflage (adapted to the local background) and in dynamically adapting camouflage. We investigated the effects of background type and variability on detection performance by varying the soldiers’ environment (like bushland, and urban). In general, performance was worse for dynamic soldiers compared to static soldiers, confirming the notion that motion breaks camouflage. Furthermore, camouflage performance of the static adaptive camouflage condition was generally much better than for the standard Woodland camouflage. Also, camouflage performance was found to depend on the background. When moving across a highly variable (heterogenous) background, dynamic camouflage turned out to be especially beneficial (i.e., performance was better in a bush environment than in an urban environment). Interestingly, our dynamic camouflage design was outperformed a method which simply displays the ‘exact’ background on the camouflage suit, since it is better capable of taking the variability in viewing directions into account. By combining new adaptive camouflage technologies with dynamic adaptive camouflage designs such as the one presented here it may become possible to prevent detection of moving targets in the (near) future.

Proceedings Article | 20 September 2020 Presentation + Paper

Review of camouflage assessment techniques

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

Proceedings Volume 11536, 1153604 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2566183

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Sensors, Performance modeling, Image analysis, Visual process modeling, Signal processing, Human vision and color perception, Data modeling, Computer simulations, Modeling

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Progress in sensor performance testing, modeling and range prediction using the TOD method: an overview

Piet Bijl, Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 10178, 101780U (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2266788

KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Performance modeling, Image processing, Super resolution, Image contrast enhancement, Signal to noise ratio, Electro optical modeling, Data modeling, Visualization, Sensors, Target acquisition, Sensor performance, Image sensors, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 24 October 2016 Presentation + Paper

Multiscale image fusion through guided filtering

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

Proceedings Volume 9997, 99970J (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239945

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Image filtering, Image resolution, Infrared imaging, Thermography, Visualization, Image processing, Linear filtering, Gaussian filters, Binary data

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2016 Presentation + Paper

Improved colour matching technique for fused nighttime imagery with daytime colours

Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 9987, 99870J (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241627

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Image sensors, Situational awareness sensors, Image fusion, Statistical methods, Environmental sensing, Visualization, Target detection, Near infrared, RGB color model

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2016 Presentation + Paper

Feature long axis size and local luminance contrast determine ship target acquisition performance: strong evidence for the TOD case

Piet Bijl, Alexander Toet, Frank Kooi

Proceedings Volume 9987, 99870M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241805

KEYWORDS: Target acquisition, Visualization, Eye, Systems modeling, Targeting Task Performance metric, Contrast transfer function, Spatial frequencies, Electro optical modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Imaging systems

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SPIE Journal Paper | 16 December 2014

Efficient contrast enhancement through log-power histogram modification

Alexander Toet, Tirui Wu

JEI, Vol. 23, Issue 06, 063017, (December 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JEI.23.6.063017

KEYWORDS: Image enhancement, Image contrast enhancement, Image processing, Image quality, Visualization, Medical imaging, Transform theory, MATLAB, Digital imaging, Video

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Proceedings Article | 7 October 2014 Paper

Efficient contrast enhancement through log-power histogram modification

Tirui Wu, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 9249, 92490Q (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2064971

KEYWORDS: Image enhancement, Image contrast enhancement, Image quality, Image processing, Transform theory, Visualization, Image restoration, Digital imaging, Video surveillance, Video

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Proceedings Article | 7 October 2014 Paper

Optical countermeasures against human operators

Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 9251, 92510G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066125

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Light sources, Colorimetry, Eye, Human vision and color perception, Target detection, Roads, Light, Situational awareness sensors, Visual system

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 July 2014

Color-to-grayscale conversion through weighted multiresolution channel fusion

Tirui Wu, Alexander Toet

JEI, Vol. 23, Issue 04, 043004, (July 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JEI.23.4.043004

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Image quality, Visualization, Image enhancement, Quality measurement, Colorimetry, Data conversion, Image segmentation, Bandpass filters, Linear filtering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 2014

Perceptual evaluation of color transformed multispectral imagery

Alexander Toet, Michael de Jong, Maarten Hogervorst, Ignace Hooge

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 04, 043101, (April 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.4.043101

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Image fusion, Multispectral imaging, Visualization, Eye, Image sensors, Infrared radiation, Image enhancement, Near infrared, Image segmentation

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2014 Paper

Perceptual evaluation of colorized nighttime imagery

Alexander Toet, Michael de Jong, Maarten Hogervorst, Ignace Hooge

Proceedings Volume 9014, 901412 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042409

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Infrared imaging, Visualization, Long wavelength infrared, Multispectral imaging, Eye, Infrared radiation, Image restoration, Image enhancement, Near infrared

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2013 Paper

Optical countermeasures against CLOS weapon systems

Alexander Toet, Koen Benoist, Joost N. van Lingen, H. Ric M. Schleijpen

Proceedings Volume 8898, 88980L (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028342

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Eye, Laser countermeasures, Light sources, Weapons, Light, Cameras, Visual optics, Sun, Colorimetry

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2013 Paper

Effects of high power illuminators on vision through windscreens and driving behavior

Alexander Toet, Johan W. A. Alferdinck

Proceedings Volume 8898, 88980I (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028224

KEYWORDS: Light sources, Visualization, Eye, Roads, Light scattering, Scatter measurement, Headlamps, Fiber optic illuminators, Non lethal weapons, Laser damage threshold

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SPIE Journal Paper | 12 February 2013

Human search with a limited field of view: effects of scan speed, aperture size, and target conspicuity

Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet, Piet Bijl

OE, Vol. 52, Issue 04, 041106, (February 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.52.4.041106

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Visualization, Zoom lenses, Panoramic photography, Sensors, Thermography, Optical engineering, Visual process modeling, Optical inspection, Image resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 4 December 2012

Evaluation of intensified image enhancement through conspicuity and triangle orientation discrimination measures

Judith Dijk, Adam van Eekeren, Alexander Toet, Richard den Hollander, Klamer Schutte, Ad van Heijningen, Piet Bijl

OE, Vol. 52, Issue 04, 041105, (December 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.52.4.041105

KEYWORDS: Image enhancement, Cameras, Denoising, Image intensifiers, Image processing, Visualization, Analog electronics, Image contrast enhancement, Target detection, Image fusion

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SPIE Journal Paper | 30 November 2012

Urban camouflage assessment through visual search and computational saliency

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

OE, Vol. 52, Issue 04, 041103, (November 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.52.4.041103

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Visualization, Target detection, Fractal analysis, Fourier transforms, Optical engineering, RGB color model, Image filtering, Target recognition, Digital imaging

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Proceedings Article | 10 May 2012 Paper

Colour-the-INSight: combining a direct view rifle sight with fused intensified and thermal imagery

M. Hogervorst, C. Jansen, A. Toet, P. Bijl, P. Bakker, A. Hiddema, S. van Vliet

Proceedings Volume 8407, 84070O (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919128

KEYWORDS: Image intensifiers, Image fusion, Image sensors, Sensors, Thermography, Target detection, Firearms, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared sensors, Prototyping

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 February 2012

Progress in color night vision

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 1, 010901, (February 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.1.010901

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Visualization, RGB color model, Night vision, Sensors, Image sensors, Near infrared, Thermography, Image enhancement, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 10 May 2011 Paper

Matched filtering determines human visual search in natural images

Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 8014, 80140B (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.881692

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Filtering (signal processing), Target detection, Image filtering, Visual process modeling, Image visualization, Infrared technology, Range imaging, Infrared imaging, Visual analytics

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Proceedings Article | 10 May 2011 Paper

Conspicuity of moving soldiers

Jaap Beintema, Alexander Toet, Sjoerd de Vries

Proceedings Volume 8014, 801403 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884241

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Thermography, Data modeling, Visualization, Motion models, Electro optical modeling, Eye, Target detection, Motion measurement, Performance modeling

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2010 Paper

INVIS: integrated night vision surveillance and observation system

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst, Judith Dijk, Rob van Son

Proceedings Volume 7689, 768906 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849017

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Image enhancement, Visualization, Image sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Cameras, 3D modeling, 3D image processing, Denoising, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2010 Paper

Image enhancement on the INVIS integrated night vision surveillance and observation system

Judith Dijk, Klamer Schutte, Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

Proceedings Volume 7689, 768909 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850785

KEYWORDS: Image enhancement, Cameras, Denoising, Image fusion, Visualization, Near infrared, Sensors, Image quality, Super resolution, Image contrast enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 22 April 2010 Paper

Design and evaluation of (urban) camouflage

Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet, Pieter Jacobs

Proceedings Volume 7662, 766205 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850423

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Sun, Target detection, Fractal analysis, Panoramic photography, Prototyping, Photography, Climatology, Visualization, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 11 May 2009 Paper

Object recognition methodology for the assessment of multi-spectral fusion algorithms: phase 1

Alan Pinkus, Alexander Toet, H. Lee Task

Proceedings Volume 7336, 73360X (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.820006

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Sensors, Visualization, Firearms, Image sensors, Image resolution, Image processing, Image enhancement, Image quality, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 13 April 2009 Paper

TRICLOBS portable triband color lowlight observation system

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

Proceedings Volume 7345, 734503 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.817526

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Cameras, Video, Sensors, Near infrared, Long wavelength infrared, Signal processing, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 13 April 2009 Paper

Evaluation of a color fused dual-band NVG

Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 7345, 734502 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.819114

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Sensors, Visualization, Image fusion, Optical filters, Near infrared, Cameras, Prototyping, Image filtering, Situational awareness sensors

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Proceedings Article | 17 April 2008 Paper

Vibrotactile target saliency

Alexander Toet, Eric Groen, Marjolaine Oosterbeek, Ignace T. Hooge

Proceedings Volume 6956, 695605 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776121

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Visualization, Signal detection, Skin, Parallel computing, Visual system, Abdomen, Scientific research, Information visualization, Data processing

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Proceedings Article | 17 April 2008 Paper

Small maritime target detection through false color fusion

Alexander Toet, Tirui Wu

Proceedings Volume 6945, 69450V (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.773279

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Target detection, Visualization, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optical filters, Image filtering, Image fusion, RGB color model, Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2008 Paper

Cybersickness and desktop simulations: field of view effects and user experience

Alexander Toet, Sjoerd de Vries, Martijn van Emmerik, Jelte Bos

Proceedings Volume 6957, 69570P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.771992

KEYWORDS: Virtual reality, Computer simulations, Visualization, Projection systems, Distortion, Warfare, Computing systems, Cameras, Printed circuit board testing, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2008 Paper

Effects of field of view on human locomotion

Alexander Toet, Marieke van der Hoeven, Mirela Kahrimanović, Nico Delleman

Proceedings Volume 6955, 69550H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.771950

KEYWORDS: Head, Goggles, Visualization, Head-mounted displays, Information visualization, Ranging, Optical filters, Laser safety equipment, Virtual reality, Process control

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2008 Paper

Method for applying daytime colors to nighttime imagery in realtime

Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 6974, 697403 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776648

KEYWORDS: Image sensors, Sensors, Image fusion, Situational awareness sensors, Image intensifiers, Night vision systems, Roentgenium, Near infrared, Image filtering, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2008 Paper

Portable real-time color night vision

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

Proceedings Volume 6974, 697402 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.775405

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Mirrors, Image intensifiers, Infrared radiation, Thermography, Infrared imaging, Cameras, Near infrared, Long wavelength infrared, Video

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2007 Paper

Visualization of hyperspectral imagery

Maarten Hogervorst, Piet Bijl, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 6565, 65650H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717037

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Sensors, Target recognition, Automatic target recognition, Visualization, Visual system, Inspection, Visible radiation, Interference (communication), Denoising

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2005 Paper

Objective assessment of simulated daytime and NVG image fidelity

Alexander Toet, Frank Kooi, Frido Kuijper, Roland Smeenk

Proceedings Volume 5802, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.602463

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Target detection, Calibration, Light sources and illumination, Eye, Image processing, CRTs, Visibility, Scene simulation, Distance measurement

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2005 Paper

What’s crucial in night vision goggle simulation?

Frank Kooi, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5802, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.601432

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Eye, Computer simulations, Image quality, Night vision goggles, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Distance measurement, Visibility, Image resolution, Buildings

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2005 Paper

On the relationship between human search strategies, conspicuity, and search performance

Maarten Hogervorst, Piet Bijl, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5784, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.602486

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Zoom lenses, Visualization, Panoramic photography, Sensors, Thermography, Image visualization, Inspection, Performance modeling, Modeling

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2004 Paper

Transferring color to single-band intensified night vision images

Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5424, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.546948

KEYWORDS: Transform theory, Photography, RGB color model, Image processing, Image segmentation, Colorimetry, Night vision, Image intensifiers, Buildings, Associative arrays

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2004 Paper

Conspicuity and identifiability: efficient calibration tools for synthetic imagery

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst, Piet Bijl

Proceedings Volume 5431, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.539118

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Calibration, Sensors, Photography, Target detection, Forward looking infrared, Environmental sensing, Image processing, Image sensors, Target recognition

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2004 Paper

Identification of military targets and simple laboratory test patterns in band-limited noise

Piet Bijl, Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5407, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538646

KEYWORDS: Spatial frequencies, Sensors, Visual process modeling, Minimum resolvable temperature difference, Target recognition, Visual system, Systems modeling, Image quality, Performance modeling, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2004 Paper

Identifiability: a fast way to measure identification performance

Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet, Piet Bijl, Brian Miller

Proceedings Volume 5407, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542025

KEYWORDS: Forward looking infrared, Sensors, Visualization, Image sensors, Thermography, Imaging systems, Target recognition, Cameras, Time metrology, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2003 Paper

Color the night: applying daytime colors to nighttime imagery

Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5081, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.484800

KEYWORDS: RGB color model, Image fusion, Infrared imaging, Infrared cameras, Visualization, Infrared radiation, Cameras, Near infrared, Thermography, Image enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2003 Paper

Additive and subtractive transparent depth displays

Frank Kooi, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5081, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.488106

KEYWORDS: 3D displays, Image fusion, Head, Glasses, Visualization, LCDs, 3D image processing, Eye, Transparency, Image enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 22 September 2003 Paper

Color image fusion for concealed weapon detection

Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 5071, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.484845

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Weapons, RGB color model, Thermography, Sensors, Surveillance, Image processing, Image filtering, Standards development, Bandpass filters

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Proceedings Article | 25 August 2003 Paper

Performance comparison of different gray-level image fusion schemes through a universal image quality index

Alexander Toet, Maarten Hogervorst

Proceedings Volume 5096, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.484886

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Image quality, Image processing, Distortion, Image filtering, Discrete wavelet transforms, Linear filtering, Composites, Signal processing, Bandpass filters

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Proceedings Article | 8 August 2003 Paper

A universal color image quality metric

Alexander Toet, Marcel Lucassen

Proceedings Volume 5108, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.484836

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Distortion, Image processing, RGB color model, Image fusion, Visual system, Color image processing, Image compression, Quantization, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2002 Paper

Detection of dim point targets in cluttered maritime backgrounds through multisensor image fusion

Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 4718, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478798

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Target detection, Cameras, Infrared cameras, Visualization, Promethium, Optical filters, Binary data, Image fusion, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2002 Paper

Human search with a limited field of view: the effect of scanning parameters and scene content

Maarten Hogervorst, Piet Bijl, Alexander Toet, J. Valeton

Proceedings Volume 4718, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478833

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Zoom lenses, Panoramic photography, Performance modeling, Cameras, Visualization, Inspection, Device simulation, Eye, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 28 January 2002 Paper

Visual interpretation of polarimetric SAR imagery

Albertus van den Broek, Arthur Smith, Alexander Toet

Proceedings Volume 4541, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454151

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Synthetic aperture radar, Scattering, Visualization, Buildings, Sensors, Optical inspection, Speckle, Polarization, Backscatter

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2001

Image dataset for testing search and detection models

Alexander Toet, Piet Bijl, J. Valeton

OE, Vol. 40, Issue 09, (September 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1388608

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Visualization, Data modeling, Visual process modeling, Eye models, Digital imaging, Target acquisition, Eye, Cameras, Optical engineering

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2001

Search and target acquisition: single line of sight versus wide baseline stereo

Wendell Watkins, Garrett Heath, Michael Phillips, J. Valeton, Alexander Toet

OE, Vol. 40, Issue 09, (September 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1390300

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Target acquisition, Chromium, Cameras, Databases, Optical engineering, Visualization, Goggles, Statistical analysis, Video

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2001 Open Access

Advances in Target Acquisition Modeling II

Alexander Toet, Thomas Meitzler

OE, Vol. 40, Issue 09, (September 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1410760

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2001 Paper

Perceptual evaluation of different image fusion schemes

Alexander Toet, Jan IJspeert

Proceedings Volume 4380, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436969

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Infrared imaging, Visualization, Thermography, Roads, Infrared cameras, Cameras, Buildings, Infrared radiation, Image enhancement

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 2000

Test of three visual search and detection models

Alexander Toet, Piet Bijl, J. Valeton

OE, Vol. 39, Issue 05, (May 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602503

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Target detection, Visual process modeling, Performance modeling, Cognitive modeling, Optical engineering, Visual system, Data modeling, Error analysis, Inspection

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 2000

Computing visual target distinctness through selective filtering, statistical features, and visual patterns

Xose Fernandez-Vidal, Alexander Toet, Jose Garcia, Joaquin Fdez-Valdivia-DUPE RECORD-DO NOT USE

OE, Vol. 39, Issue 01, (January 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602360

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Image filtering, Target detection, Visual process modeling, Optical filters, Optical engineering, Digital imaging, Image processing, Gaussian filters, Distance measurement

Proceedings Article | 14 July 1999 Paper

Test of three visual search and detection models

Alexander Toet, Piet Bijl, J. Valeton

Proceedings Volume 3699, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352960

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Visualization, Visual process modeling, Performance modeling, Factor analysis, Visual system, Data modeling, Target recognition, Eye, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 1998 Paper

Quantifying target distinctness through visual conspicuity

Alexander Toet, Piet Bijl, Frank Kooi, J. Valeton

Proceedings Volume 3375, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.327149

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Target detection, Photography, Target acquisition, Projection systems, Environmental sensing, Error analysis, Signal detection, Calibration, In situ metrology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 1998

Visual conspicuity determines human target acquisition performance

Alexander Toet, Frank Kooi, Piet Bijl, J. Valeton

OE, Vol. 37, Issue 07, (July 1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601903

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Target detection, Target acquisition, Photography, Optical engineering, Projection systems, Environmental sensing, Calibration, Sensors, Error analysis

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 1998

Computational visual distinctness metric

Javier Martinez-Baena, Alexander Toet, Xose Fernandez-Vidal, Antonio Cabrera Garrido, Rosa Rodriguez-Sanchez

OE, Vol. 37, Issue 07, (July 1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602030

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Image compression, Spatial frequencies, Image filtering, Target detection, Image quality, Sensors, Visual compression, Visual system, Target acquisition

Proceedings Article | 26 June 1997 Paper

Fusion of visible and thermal imagery improves situational awareness

Alexander Toet, Jan IJspeert, Allen Waxman, Mario Aguilar

Proceedings Volume 3088, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.277232

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Thermography, Infrared imaging, Visualization, Charge-coupled devices, Image enhancement, CCD image sensors, Situational awareness sensors, Image processing, CCD cameras

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 1996

New false color mapping for image fusion

Alexander Toet, Jan Walraven

OE, Vol. 35, Issue 03, (March 1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.600657

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Thermography, Image enhancement, Video, Infrared imaging, Image processing, Image sensors, Sensors, Visualization, Multispectral imaging

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 1992

Multiscale contrast enhancement with applications to image fusion

Alexander Toet

OE, Vol. 31, Issue 05, (May 1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.56155

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Image enhancement, Image contrast enhancement, Image processing, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Forward looking infrared, Visualization, Composites, Image resolution

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