Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Optical sensors, are one of the main sources of Earth observation in the present age. Both the data types have their inherent advantages and disadvantages. Spaceborne Optical sensor are restricted by clouds but can offer strong information content in ideal conditions. On the other hand, SAR sensors rely on their own energy and can see through clouds. SAR is potentially an all-weather day/night imager. But SAR sensors have limitations in terms of data collection geometry and algorithmic approximations. Both sensors offer complimentary information for exploitation in data fusion for enhanced results. This research is focused on capitalizing the fusion potential for spaceborne High resolution SAR and Optical data in urban settings. The fusion of high reflection of SAR energy from urban areas and optical features of such areas can be combined to enhance the urban infrastructure detection and monitoring in a SAR/Optical fused scenario. SAR/Optical fusion can take place at three levels 1) pixel level, 2) feature level; and 3) information level. Pixel level fusion is often considered most difficult for high resolution data as precise registration up to subpixel level is required and even slight misregistration results in unfavorable circumstances. Simon Fraser University (SFU) Burnaby Mountain Campus has been chosen for area of interest because of its ongoing student housing and university infrastructure developmental projects. TerraSAR-X High Resolution Spotlight (TSX-HS) Single Look Complex (SLC) images of 1.0 m resolution have continuously being acquired over SFU; along with high resolution Optical (RGB) and Infrared (IR) images (3.0 m resolution each) from “The Planet” acquisitions. Limited high-resolution images from “Google Earth” (GE) in the coinciding period of TSX-HS acquisitions were also acquired for the study. Six fusion techniques have been studied for urban infrastructure detection and have been categorized based on their performance. Precision change maps will be created based on time series analysis for SAR/optical fused data in conjunction with Interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis to study the long-term effect of urban infrastructure developments over a period of two years.
KEYWORDS: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Digital filtering, Picosecond phenomena, Nonlinear filtering, Linear filtering, Sensors, Data modeling, Prototyping, Temperature metrology, Water
The detection and monitoring of subsurface excavations has a variety of applications in both the civil and defense
domains. We have developed a novel InSAR method (Homogenous Distributed Scatterer (HDS)-InSAR) that exploits
both persistent point and coherent distributed scatterers by using adaptive multilooking of statistically homogenous pixel
neighborhoods. In order to enhance the detection of small scale structures in low SNR environments a matched
parametric spatio-temporal model is fit to the deformation signal. We illustrate the performance of our new method for
the city of Vancouver over the last nine years using InSAR stacks of RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 data.
Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, such as RADARSAT-1 and -2, enable a multitude of defense and
security applications owing to their unique capabilities of cloud penetration, day/night imaging and multi-polarization
imaging. As a result, advanced SAR image time series exploitation techniques such as Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and
Radargrammetry are now routinely used in applications such as underground tunnel monitoring, infrastructure
monitoring and DEM generation. Imaging geometry, as determined by the satellite orbit and imaged terrain, plays a
critical role in the success of such techniques.
This paper describes the architecture and the current status of development of a geometry-based search engine that
allows the search and visualization of archived and future RADARSAT-1 and -2 images appropriate for a variety of
advanced SAR techniques and applications. Key features of the search engine's scalable architecture include (a)
Interactive GIS-based visualization of the search results; (b) A client-server architecture for online access that produces
up-to-date searches of the archive images and that can, in future, be extended to acquisition planning; (c) A techniquespecific
search mode, wherein an expert user explicitly sets search parameters to find appropriate images for advanced
SAR techniques such as InSAR and Radargrammetry; (d) A future application-specific search mode, wherein all search
parameters implicitly default to preset values according to the application of choice such as tunnel monitoring, DEM
generation and deformation mapping; (f) Accurate baseline calculations for InSAR searches, and, optimum beam
configuration for Radargrammetric searches; (g) Simulated quick look images and technique-specific sensitivity maps in
the future.
Soil moisture conditions influence practically all aspects of Army activities and are increasingly affecting its systems and
operations. Regional distributions of high resolution soil moisture data will provide critical information on operational
mobility, performance of landmine and UXO sensors, and meteorological conditions at the km scale. The objective of
this study is to calibrate RADARSAT-2 surface soil moisture estimates with field measurements in the semi-arid Middle
Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. RADARSAT-2 was launched in December 2007 and is the first SAR sensor to offer
an operational quad-polarization mode. This mode allows to generate soil moisture (and cm-scale surface roughness)
maps from single data sets. Future combination of such maps into time series will lead to further accuracy enhancement
through additional exploitation of soil moisture evolution constraints. We present RADARSAT-2 soil moisture maps,
field soil moisture measurements, and soil moisture maps derived from optical imagery. In addition, future work is
proposed that may contribute to enhanced algorithms for soil moisture mapping using RADARSAT-2.
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