A set of circulation indices are defined and calculated to characterize monthly mean polar vortex at 10 hPa geopotential
height chart in the Northern Hemisphere, including area-(S), intensity-(P) and center position (λc, φc)-indices by use of
1948-2007 NCEP/NCAR 10 hPa monthly height data. These indices series are used to investigate the seasonal variation and
interannual anomaly of polar vortex, along with the relations with global warming, ozone anomaly and Arctic Oscillation (AO).
The results show that (1) there is anticyclonic (cyclonic) from Jun. to Aug. (from Sep. to Mar.). The change of spring circulation
pattern is slower than that of autumn. (2) S can be replaced by P due to the interannual synchronal variations of the intensity and
area for polar vortex. The interannual (interdecadal) variations of P are significant in Jan. (Jul.). (3) The anomalies of system
center position in Jan. are more evident than that in Jul. (4) The variations of mean temperature at mid-stratosphere in the
vicinity of pole zone in Jan. are different from that in Jul., but they are synchronal with the corresponding P and not significant
correlation with the trend of global warming. However, the relationship between P and total O3 in Jul. are obvious. (5) There is
so notable correlation between P and AO that P can represent AO.
The land surface temperature is an important parameter to hydrology and meteorology, it affects the exchange of
sensible and latent heats between atmosphere, sea and land, and it can not be lack in many research fields. To retrieve
land surface temperature exactly and quantificationally will promote the development of research areas such as drought
forecasting crop yield estimating numerical weather forecast, global climate change and carbon balance. Therefore,
retrieval of land surface temperature using thermal infrared remote sensing becomes one of the most important tasks in
quantificational remote sensing study. The TM images are used in this article, which were recorded in June 11, 2001
over Nakchu area in Tibetan Plateau, to calculate the land surface temperature. The natural surface is classified based
on information of remote sensing (snow, water and other land surface) and relevant information of geography, then the
emissivity can be dealt with by each surface type in different way. Last, the land surface temperature is inversed by
mono-window algorithm. The result show that the derived regional distributions of the the land surface temperature for
the whole mesoscale area is agreed with the land surface status very well.
Estimation evapotranspiration(ET) over large area of inhomogeneous landscape is very important and not an easy
problem. Determination evapotranspiration over natural surface, the utilization of satellite remote sensing is
indispensable. Using remote sensing data and weather stations data, a parameterization method is described for
estimation evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau area. In this paper, the natural surface is classified based on
information of remote sensing and relevant information of geography, then the ET can be dealt with by each surface type
in different way. Further more, distribution figure of the evapotranspiration is given out. The results indicate: (1) The
regional distribution is characteristic by its terrain nature and the regional distribution is obvious and regular. It is seen
that the derived regional distributions of the evapotranspiration for the whole mesoscale area is agreed with the land
surface status very well. (2) The maximum evapotranspiration is over forest, rivers edge and other area can be irrigated
(many flourish grass or crops growing there) are high too, the value of the evapotranspiration over nudation area is low.
The derived regional evapotranspiration is contrasted with the value calculated by FAO-PM, and the result can be
accepted.
During the time period between Oct.28 to Oct.29, 2008, a serious air pollution event took place in Nanjing and
surrounding regions, accompanying with sharply increasing of PM10, CO and SO2 in the air. Satellite remote sensing
data, surface meteorological observations, air pollution index and the NCEP reanalysis data were used to investigate the
atmospheric conditions and planetary boundary layer (PBL) features. Air mass backward trajectory simulation method
was employed to analyze the sources of the air pollutants and transport paths of this event. The results show that the
transport of gas pollutants released from crop residue burning in the central and north parts of Jiangsu province,
combining with unfavorable weather condition, which is the dominating reason of this air pollution episode. It is found
there was a high-pressure system with relative uniform pressure pattern, weak vertical velocity, vorticity and divergence
below 500hPa, which prevents atmospheric ventilation. The inversion temperature, low mixing height and topographical
forcing winds in the PBL are also not favorable for the diffusion and transport of the air pollutants.
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