Spatial resolution enhancement of hyperspectral images is one of the key and difficult topics in the field of imaging spectrometry. The redundant dictionary based sparse representation theory is introduced, and a spatial resolution enhancement algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, a pixel curve instead of a pixel patch is taken as the unit of processing. A pair of low- and high-resolution respective redundant dictionaries are joint trained, with the constraint that a pair of high- and low-resolution corresponded pixel curves can be sparse represented by same coefficients according to the respected dictionaries. In the process of super-resolution restoration, the low-resolution hyperspectral image is first sparse decomposed based on the low-resolution redundant dictionary and then the obtained coefficients are used to reconstruct the corresponding high-resolution image with respect to the high-resolution dictionary. The maximum a posteriori based constrained optimization is performed to further improve the quality of the reconstructed high-frequency information. Experimental results show that the pixel curve based sparse representation is more suitable for a hyperspectral image; the highly spectral correlations are better used for resolution enhancement. In comparison with the traditional bilinear interpolation method and other referenced super-resolution algorithms, the proposed algorithm is superior in both objective and subjective results.
Transmissive-Writing and Orthogonal-Readout scheme (TWOR) is proposed for making wavelength filters in holographic media sensitive to wavelengths far shorter than that for fiber communication. The optimization of device performances through this scheme is also discussed. Preliminary experiments on angular selectivity of a volume grating verified the feasibility of this scheme.
Volume holography is promising for devices such as wavelength filters. However, in previously reported work with these holographic devices the diffraction efficiency and wavelength selectivity were not so satisfactory, which affected the insertion loss and channel spacing of the device respectively. In order to investigate the performances for most of the volume holographic devices which are of finite size and with 90 degree geometry, two-dimensional (2-D) coupled-wave theory is more accurate than that based on the well-known Kogelnik’s coupled-wave theory. In this paper a close-form analytical solution to 2-D coupled wave theory for 2-D restricted gratings is presented firstly. Then in order to achieve the optimum insertion loss and channel spacing for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) filters, diffraction properties, especially effects of the grating strength and grating size ratio on the peak diffraction efficiency and wavelength selectivity are researched based on the 2-D coupled-wave theory and its solution. The results show that this solution is capable of design optimization of volume holographic gratings for various devices, including wavelength filters. And the design optimization is given in order to gain the optimum peak diffraction efficiency and wavelength selectivity. Finally, some experimental results showing the angular selectivity for different grating size ratio are given, which agree well with the 2-D coupled-wave theory.
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