Metallic tapes are used to reliably connect CIGS thin-film solar panels to the junction box. Compared to soldering and
gluing, ultrasonically bonding these tapes offers several benefits: a room-temperature process, lower consumable cost,
stronger and more reliable bonds, and lower contact resistance. A MoSe2 layer can form on the back contact Mo layer
during the CIGS selenization. The thickness of the MoSe2 layer varies with the details of the deposition and selenization
process. MoSe2 is a solid lubricant that creates a low friction interface between the tape and Mo layer, thus reducing
ultrasonic coupling and making ultrasonic bonding more challenging. MoSe2 also has a volume resistivity about 3,500
times higher than Mo. Its presence increases the tape contact resistance and thus reduces the efficiency of the solar
module. It is therefore desired to remove the MoSe2 layer to make a reliable connection. Several processes were
investigated on samples with varying MoSe2 layer thickness. The effectiveness of those processes was studied and
evaluated by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), 90° bond peel
test, and electrical contact resistance measurements. Complete removal of the MoSe2 layer without damaging the Mo
layer underneath was successfully achieved. Strong bonds with more than 900g peel force for 2.00mm (width) ×
0.10mm (thickness) Aluminum tapes and a low contact resistivity of <1.5 mΩcm2 were consistently demonstrated.
A high-power frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser using amplifiers in slab geometry has been developed to pump a dye laser as part of a spectroscopy experiment. The necessary fast synchronization within the experiment required a special pumping method that resulted in a more than four times higher average thermal load of the Nd:YAG crystals than it would be in a system with no synchronization requirements. Under these conditions, the laser was routinely operated at a repetition rate of 20 Hz, delivering about 600 mJ at 532 nm divided among four beams, which corresponds to a frequency conversion efficiency of more than 60%. Compared to a system with amplifiers in conventional rod geometry, the use of the slab geometry in the amplifiers made possible an increase of the repetition rate by a factor 4.
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