A unique experimental facility has been designed to measure damping of materials at cryogenic temperatures. The test facility pays special attention to removing other sources of damping in the measurement by avoiding frictional interfaces, decoupling the test specimen from the support system, and by using a non-contacting measurement device. Damping data is obtained for materials (Al, GrEp, Be, Fused Quartz), strain amplitudes (<10-6 ppm), frequencies (20 Hz-330Hz) and temperatures (20K - 293K) relevant to future precision optical space missions. The test data shows a significant decrease in viscous damping at cryogenic temperatures and can be as low as 10-4%, but the amount of the damping decrease is a function of frequency and material. Contrary to the other materials whose damping monotonically decreased with temperature, damping of Fused Quartz increased substantially at cryo, after reaching a minimum at around 150°K. The damping is also shown to be insensitive to strain for low strain levels. At room temperatures, the test data correlates well to the analytical predictions of the Zener damping model. Discrepancies at cryogenic temperatures between the model predictions and the test data are observed.
Damping of axial and bending mode vibrations in giant magnetoelastic polycrystalline TbDy alloys was studied at cryogenic temperatures. All specimens of TbDy were arc-melted in the proper composition ratio and dropped into a chilled copper mold. Additional treatments consisted of cold plane-rolling to induce crystallographic texture and then heat-treating to relieve internal stress. Mechanical hysteretic losses were measured at various strains, frequencies, and loading configurations down to 77 K. Both as-cast and textured polycrystalline TbDy samples were tested along with an aluminum specimen for comparison. Loss factors at multiple natural vibration frequencies of the samples were measured for axial modes. Larger damping rates were measured for axial mode vibrations than for bending mode vibrations, possibly reflecting the larger specimen volume contributing to magnetoelastic damping. At LN2 temperatures TbDy materials demonstrated η > 0.05 at 0.01 Hz and η > 0.1 at higher frequencies from 0.6-1.5 kHz.
KEYWORDS: Space operations, Systems modeling, Distortion, Interfaces, Data modeling, Error analysis, Space telescopes, Transient nonlinear optics, Metrology, Mathematical modeling
This paper discusses a framework for microdynamic analysis-- analyzing a structure for nonlinear dynamics behavior in the nanometric regime--and illustrates how microdynamic behaviors such as microlurch, joint snaps, and harmonic distortion fit within the framework. The framework is based on three types of nonlinear load-displacement behaviors associated with hysteresis in joints: deadzone, nonlinear elasticity, and hysteretic damping. The second part of the paper describes microdynamic analyses currently being used to flow optical performance requirements down to stability requirements at the component level. Such analyses are useful during error budget allocation exercises early in the mission design cycle.
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