KEYWORDS: Bone, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Ultrasonography, Reflection, Osteoporosis, In vivo imaging, Diseases and disorders, Composite resins, Chemical composition, Biological imaging
In this work, a novel PAQUS apparatus was developed for in vivo assessment of the calcaneus. We first made lattice-shaped cubic phantoms of varying density, resulting in different BVF. PA absorbance at 740 nm (hemoglobin) and 930 nm (lipid) were significantly different across phantoms. Next, we created two anatomic phantoms based on a human calcaneus microCT volumetric image, and artificially eroded the trabecular structure on one to reduce BVF by 32.5%, mimicking osteoporosis-mediated bone loss. Phantoms were measured repeatedly and also significantly differed. Lastly, in vivo bilateral PA measurement was conducted at the calcaneus on 32 female Caucasian subjects (20-74 yrs). A significant difference in PA absorption was observed at 740 nm between younger (<50 yrs) and older (>50 yrs) subjects.
KEYWORDS: Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Stereolithography, Computed tomography, 3D printing, Ultrasonography, Bone, In vivo imaging, Calibration, 3D modeling, Tissues
The long-term objective of the program is to develop a highly innovative platform to measure the health of human calcaneus in vivo by using our recently invented photoacoustic techniques. To better calibrate the platform and investigate the bone properties, a phantom which simulates the optical, ultrasound and architectural properties of human calcaneus is required. In this work, a semi-anthropomorphic photoacoustic calcaneus phantom is developed based on micro-CT and SLA 3D printing techniques. The measured microarchitectural, optical and ultrasound properties of the phantom are all consistent with those in human calcaneus in vivo.
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