Hull deformation is the fundamental reason that restricts the establishment of a unified attitude reference for large ships. The causes and types of hull deformation are introduced. Hull deformation measurement includes the yawing angle, the pitching angle, and the rolling angle. The rolling angle is more difficult to measure than the pitching angle and the yawing angle. Optical measurement methods and stress measurement methods are introduced to measure the rolling angle. Optical measurement methods mainly include the grating method, camera measurement method, dual light sources, and dual CCD method, polarized light energy measurement method, double-frequency polarized method, large steel reference method, etc. Stress measurement methods mainly include the hydraulic stress method and the strain sensor measurement method. The inertial matching measurement method which can measure the pitching angle, yawing angle, and rolling angle simultaneously is introduced. The urgent problems faced by measuring hull deformation and their developments are discussed.
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