Perovskite-based radiation detectors have attracted increasing attention in a broad range of fields, such as homeland security, medical diagnosis, and industrial inspection, due to their excellent physical properties including high attenuation coefficients, attractive charge transport properties, tunable bandgap, and most importantly, cost-effective manufacturing. However, to increase the stopping power to high energy radiation, most of the previously studied perovskite radiation detector materials contain lead (Pb), which is toxic and poses health concerns to both human-beings and the environment. As such, there is a strong need to develop lead-free perovskite materials for radiation detection. Here, we report our efforts to develop lead-free perovskite, FA3Bi2I9, single crystals for X-ray detection and imaging applications. A series of annealing experiments were conducted to improve the properties of FA3Bi2I9 crystals for radiation detection. Systematic microstructural-, electrical-, optical-, and mechanical- characterization results, together with X-ray response testing, will be presented and discussed.
FA3Bi2I9: An emerging lead-free perovskite for radiation detection
Doup Kim, Ge Yang*
Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University
Ralph B. James
Savannah River National Laboratory
*Ge Yang (phone: 919-515-5267, email: gyang9@ncsu.edu)
Abstract
Semiconductor radiation detectors have been actively used in a wide range of fields including medical imaging, homeland security, environmental survey, and industrial monitoring. A series of research activities are on-going to explore new detector materials for improved performance and reduction of manufacturing costs. In this regard, perovskites have attracted strong interests in recent years. Compared with well-studied lead-based perovskite materials, lead free perovskites hold potential to enable the development of environment-friendly detector materials while providing attractive detector characteristics. Here, we report our efforts to develop an emerging perovskite material, FA3Bi2I9 (FA=CH(NH2)2) single crystals, for radiation detection. Systematic microstructural-, electrical-, optical- properties and detector tests will be presented and discussed. These results will provide fundamental knowledge regarding the potential of FA3Bi2I9 as a new class of radiation detector materials.
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