In this study, we place a strong emphasis on understanding the ultrafast dynamics of carrier recombination pathways in p-type ZnO, especially in the midgap region. Synthesizing and controlling the properties of p-type ZnO remains a pivotal yet challenging task for numerous optoelectronic and spintronic applications due to intrinsic midgap (defect) states. Through an advanced sol-gel process, we have successfully produced ZnO quantum dots (QD), eliminating unreacted molecules that decrease the excitonic emission. This refined method supports the generation of ZnO with p-type characteristics, primarily attributed to zinc vacancies in oxygen-rich scenarios. Notably, our analysis across timescales from femtoseconds to microseconds unveiled carrier lifetimes at room temperature, and associated long-lasting carriers with zinc vacancy defects, corroborating the p-type nature of our synthesized ZnO QDs.
The conversion of light into chemical and mechanical energy mediates many important processes in nature, e.g. vision, photosynthesis and DNA photodamage. To understand the structure-function relationships regulating such processes one must strive to study them in their natural environment, i.e. in the liquid-phase. This presentation reports on the design of a novel Ultrafast Electron Diffraction instrument capable of resolving structural dynamics in liquid samples. The capabilities of this instrument are showcased in the study of water, where its structure was resolved up to the 3rd hydration shell with 0.6 Å spatial resolution, and dynamics were resolved with 200 fs resolution.
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