Dr. Ellyn K. Baines Profile

Dr. Ellyn K. Baines

at US Naval Research Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (37)

Proceedings Article | 30 September 2024 Presentation + Paper

Atmospheric seeing at the NPOI inferred from jitter data

Merrick DeWitt, Henrique Schmitt, Ty Martinez, Jordan Stone, Ellyn Baines, James Clark, Bradley Kingsley

Proceedings Volume 13135, 131350C (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3028033

KEYWORDS: Modeling, Atmospheric optics, Beam divergence, Error analysis, Reflection, Parabolic mirrors, Lens arrays, Imaging arrays, Data modeling, Beam propagation method

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2024 Poster + Paper

A catalog of targets with interferometric data in the NPOI archive

Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, Jordan Stone, Bradley Kingsley, Brian Mason

Proceedings Volume 13135, 131350K (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3027444

KEYWORDS: Stars, Data archive systems, Binary stars, Astronomical interferometers, Optical interferometry, Stellar interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Simultaneous sub-aperture wavefront sensing with holographic aperture masking improves calibration

Jordan Stone, Henrique Schmitt, Freddie Santiago, S. Noor Qadri, Ellyn Baines

Proceedings Volume 13095, 130952T (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018394

KEYWORDS: Phase measurement, Wavefront sensors, Holography, Calibration, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Simulations, Wavefront aberrations, Holographic interferometry, Telescopes, Astronomical interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2024 Presentation

An update on the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

Henrique H. Schmitt, James Clark, Ellyn Baines, Bradley Kingsley, Wyatt Clark, Jordan Stone, David Mozurkewich, Anders Jorgensen, Ty Martinez, Merrick DeWitt

Proceedings Volume 13095, 1309509 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020827

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Poster + Paper

How much Is enough? Using the NPOI archive to characterize stellar diameter measurements

Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, J. Thomas Armstrong, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121832B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630163

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometers, Data archive systems, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: large-aperture observations and infrastructure improvements

Gerard van Belle, James Clark, Henrique Schmitt, David Noble, Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Merrick DeWitt, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Jordan Stone, Thomas Coleman, Ben Hardesty, Wyatt Clark, Khristian Jones, Bradley Kingsley, Erin Maier, Solvay Blomquist, Nicholas Green, Peter Kurtz

Proceedings Volume 12183, 1218304 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630572

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Observatories, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Precision optics, Interferometry, Control systems, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: two years of development towards large-aperture observations

Gerard van Belle, James Clark, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Henrique Schmitt, Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, Teznie Pugh, Wyatt Clark, Nicholas Green, Khristian Jones, Bradley Kingsley, Peter Kurtz, Adam Schilperoort

Proceedings Volume 11446, 1144608 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562806

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Cameras, Image processing, Interferometry, Image restoration, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Detecting exoplanets and characterizing their properties with fringe nulling

Henrique Schmitt, Ellyn Baines, J. Thomas Armstrong, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107012I (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312088

KEYWORDS: Stars, Exoplanets, Interferometry, Ultraviolet radiation, Interferometers, Calibration, Precision optics, Target detection, Phase interferometry, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Many interesting things are afoot at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

G. van Belle, J. Armstrong, J. Benson, E. Baines, R. Bevilacqua, T. Buschmann, J. Clark, W. DeGroff, J. Hall, R. Hindsley, A. Jorgensen, A. Lindgren, D. Mozurkewich, M. Muterspaugh, S. Pooler, S. Restaino, H. Schmitt, P. Shankland, R. Zavala

Proceedings Volume 10701, 1070105 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314204

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Mirrors, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Observatories, Avalanche photodetectors, Precision optics, Interferometry, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

An infrared beam combiner for wavelength bootstrapping at the NPOI

J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, Ellyn Baines, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107010B (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312284

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Observatories, Interferometers, Analytical research, Near infrared, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

The fundamentals: angular diameter measurements of zero-crossing stars from the NPOI

Ellyn Baines, Fabien Baron, J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, James Benson, R. T. Zavala

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107012D (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312603

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Detecting faint nearby companions to geostationary satellites with optical interferometry

Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines

Proceedings Volume 10196, 1019602 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262900

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Optical interferometry, Interferometry, Interferometers, Surveillance, Situational awareness sensors, Space operations, Spatial frequencies, Earth observing sensors, Device simulation, Stars, Telescopes, Target detection, Astrophysics, Phase interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2016 Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: an update

J. Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, James Clark, James Benson, Donald Hutter, Robert Zavala, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990702 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235077

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Stars, Control systems, Telescopes, Observatories, Mirrors, Electronics, Interferometry, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

The new classic instrument for the navy precision optical interferometer

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, R. Hindsley, D. Mozurkewich, G. van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990725 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232682

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Computing systems, Electronics, Human-machine interfaces, Signal to noise ratio, Telescopes, Ultraviolet radiation, Stars, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Multi-baseline chain bootstrapping with new classic at the NPOI

A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich, J. T. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, E. Baines, G. van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99072C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2234389

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Precision optics, Visibility, Spectrographs, Stars, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Spatial frequencies, Analytical research, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Observing the PTPS sample of evolved exoplanet host candidates using the NPOI

Ellyn Baines, J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, R. T. Zavala, James Benson, Andrzej Niedzielski, Pawel Zielinski, Martin Vanko, Aleksander Wolszczan

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99073T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233159

KEYWORDS: Stars, Exoplanets, Planets, Interferometers, Spectroscopy, Interferometry, Calibration, Visibility, Observatories, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Using optical interferometry for GEO satellites imaging: an update

Sergio Restaino, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, James Clark

Proceedings Volume 9836, 983603 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224750

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Interferometers, Spectrographs, Optical interferometry, Satellite imaging, Space telescopes, Modulation, Stars, Telescopes, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 4 September 2015 Paper

Multiple-baseline detection of a geostationary satellite with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

J. Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, James Clark, James Benson, Donald Hutter, Robert Zavala

Proceedings Volume 9617, 961709 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194156

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Interferometers, Satellite navigation systems, Precision optics, Spectrographs, Stars, Space telescopes, Modulation, Observatories, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2014 Paper

Adding baselines at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

Jonathan Andrews, Jim Clark, Sergio Restaino, J. Tom Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, Ellyn Baines, Donald Hutter, James Benson, Bob Zavala

Proceedings Volume 9204, 92040H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2062616

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Mirrors, Precision optics, Astronomy, Telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Astronomical telescopes, Optical alignment, Observatories, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

6-station, 5-baseline fringe tracking with the new classic data acquisition system at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

M. Landavazo, A. Jorgensen, B. Sun, K. Newman, David Mozurkewich, G. van Belle, Donald Hutter, H. Schmitt, J. Armstrong, E. Baines, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914621 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057278

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Data acquisition, Interferometers, Precision optics, Spectrographs, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optical tracking, Image resolution, Imaging systems, Stars

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The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) has a station layout which makes it uniquely suited for imaging. Stellar surface imaging requires a variety of baseline lengths and in particular long baselines with resolution much smaller than the diameter of the target star. Because the fringe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is generally low on such long baselines, fringe-tracking cannot be carried out on those baselines directly. Instead, baseline bootstrapping must be employed in which the long baseline is composed of a number of connected shorter baselines. When fringes are tracked on all the shorter baselines fringes are also present on the long baseline. For compact sources, such as stellar disks, the shorter baselines generally have higher SNR and making them short enough that the source is unresolved by them is ideal. Thus, the resolution, or number of pixels across a stellar disk, is roughly equal to the ratio of the length of the long baseline to the length of the short baselines. The more bootstrapped baselines, the better the images produced. If there is also a wide wavelength coverage, wavelength bootstrapping can also be used under some circumstances to increase the resolution further. The NPOI is unique in that it allows 6-station, 5-baseline bootstrapping, the most of any currently operating interferometer. Furthermore, the NPOI Classic beam combiner has wavelength coverage from 450 nm to 850 nm. However, until now, this capability has not been fully exploited. The stellar surface imaging project which was recently funded by the National Science Foundation is exploiting this capability. The New Classic data acquisition system, reported separately, is the hardware which delivers the data to the fringe-tracking algorithm. In this paper we report on the development of the fringe-tracking capability with the New Classic data acquisition system. We discuss the design of the fringe tracking algorithm and present performance results from simulations and on sky observation.

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Testing limb darkening laws using NPOI observations

Ellyn Baines, J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, James Benson, Donald Hutter, R. Zavala

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460W (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055130

KEYWORDS: Stars, Calibration, Visibility, Interferometry, Interferometers, Data modeling, Fourier transforms, Observatories, Spatial frequencies, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Design and implementation of the NPOI database and website

K. Newman, A. Jorgensen, M. Landavazo, B. Sun, D. Hutter, J. Armstrong, David Mozurkewich, N. Elias, G. van Belle, H. Schmitt, E. Baines

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914630 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057186

KEYWORDS: Databases, Stars, Interfaces, Precision optics, Interferometers, Binary data, Observatories, Analytical research, Astronomical imaging, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Photometric calibration of NPOI visibilities

Henrique Schmitt, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Anders Jorgensen, Ellyn Baines

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91462Q (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057197

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Visibility, Telescopes, Stars, Interferometers, Beam splitters, Precision optics, Interferometry, Spectrographs, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The new classic data acquisition system for NPOI

B. Sun, A. Jorgensen, M. Landavazo, D. Hutter, G. van Belle, David Mozurkewich, J. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, E. Baines, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914620 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057013

KEYWORDS: Data acquisition, Field programmable gate arrays, Photons, Imaging systems, Spectrographs, Computing systems, Observatories, Clocks, Detection and tracking algorithms, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Multi-baseline bootstrapping at the Navy precision optical interferometer

J. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, D. Mozurkewich, A. Jorgensen, M. Muterspaugh, E. Baines, J. Benson, Robert Zavala, D. Hutter

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460K (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055209

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Stars, Precision optics, Interferometers, Observatories, Chemical elements, Ocean optics, Interferometry, Sensors, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Progress toward unprecedented imaging of stellar surfaces with the Navy precision optical interferometer

A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich, H. Schmitt, G. van Belle, D. Hutter, J. Clark, J. Armstrong, E. Baines, K. Newman, M. Landavazo, B. Sun, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460A (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055789

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Stars, Telescopes, Interferometers, Data acquisition, Image resolution, Signal to noise ratio, Spectrographs, Precision optics, Imaging arrays

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We present progress on the stellar surface imaging project recently funded by the U. S. National Science Foun- dation. With the unique layout of the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) in combination with data acquisition and fringe-tracking upgrades we expect to be able to substantially exceed the imaging fidelity and resolution of any other interferometer in operation. The project combines several existing advances and infras- tructure at NPOI with modest enhancements. For optimal imaging there are several requirements that should be fulfilled. The observatory should be capable of measuring visibilities on a wide range of baseline lengths and orientations, providing complete Fourier (UV) coverage in a short period of time. It should measure visibility amplitudes with good SNR on all baselines as critical imaging information is often contained in low-amplitude visibilities. It should measure the visibility phase on all baselines. The technologies which can achieve this are the NPOI Y-shaped array with (nearly) equal spacing between telescopes and an ability for rapid configuration. Placing 6-telescopes in a row makes it possible to measure visibilities into the 4th lobe of the visibility function. By arranging the 12 available telescopes carefully we can switch, every few days, between 6 different 6-station chains which provide symmetric coverage in the Fourier plane without moving any telescopes, only by moving beam relay mirrors. The 6-station chains are important to achieve the highest imaging resolution, and switching rapidly between station chains provides uniform coverage. Coherent integration techniques can be used to obtain good SNR on very small visibilities. Coherently integrated visibilities can be used for imaging with standard radio imaging packages such as AIPS. The commissioning of one additional station, the use of new data acqui- sition hardware and fringe tracking algorithms are the enhancements which are making this project a reality. The New Classic data acquisition system, based on a powerful Stratix FPGA and fast Direct Memory Access module, upgrades the existing Classic beam combiner to allow for continuous data recording across all baselines available with 6 telescopes. It also provides the computing power and software environment necessary for im- plementing the 6-station, 5-baseline fringe-tracking algorithms. In separate papers we discuss the New Classic data acquisition system and the fringe-tracking algorithms in greater detail. In this paper we will focus on an overview of the project. We will describe the observation planning, logistics of the observations, and discuss the current status of the project including preliminary results and simulations of expected future results.

SPIE Journal Paper | 3 June 2013 Open Access

Small glints as an aid for imaging geosats using an optical Michelson interferometer

Robert Hindsley, John Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, Ellyn Baines

JARS, Vol. 7, Issue 01, 073549, (June 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.7.073549

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Interferometers, Michelson interferometers, Telescopes, Satellite imaging, Sun, Photometry, Ocean optics, Earth observing sensors, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Calibration of coherently integrated visibilities

T. Hall, A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich, J. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, E. Baines, D. Hutter

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84453G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925818

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Signal to noise ratio, Photons, Solids, Calibration, Analytical research, Precision optics, Interferometers, Interference (communication), Integrated optics

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Simulated imaging with an interferometer on a boom

Henrique Schmitt, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Anders Jorgensen, Ellyn Baines, Sergio Restaino, Robert Hindsley, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452P (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926707

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Asteroids, Interferometers, Interferometry, Stars, Optical fibers, Device simulation, Satellite imaging, Satellites, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Precise stellar diameters from coherently averaged visibilities

J. T. Armstrong, A. Jorgensen, H. Neilson, D. Mozurkewich, E. Baines, H. Schmitt

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84453K (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926508

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Visibility, Spatial frequencies, Stars, Visual process modeling, Optical interferometry, Spherical lenses, Signal to noise ratio, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Coherent integration in optical interferometry

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, G. van Belle, D. Mozurkewich, D. Hutter, J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, S. Restaino, T. Hall

Proceedings Volume 8445, 844519 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925898

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Visibility, Photons, Coherence imaging, Optical interferometry, Phase measurement, Calibration, Interferometers, Telescopes, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2012 Paper

Precise altitude measurements of LEO objects with simultaneous observations by multiple telescopes

Henrique Schmitt, Robert Hindsley, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines

Proceedings Volume 8385, 838512 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919556

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Satellites, Space reconnaissance, Optical telescopes, Stars, Solids, Physics, Analytical research, Satellite navigation systems

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2012 Paper

Interferometric imaging of geostationary satellites

J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, R. Hindsley, H. Schmitt, S. Restaino, A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich

Proceedings Volume 8385, 83850D (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919381

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometry, Satellites, Interferometers, Satellite imaging, Visibility, Spatial frequencies, Space telescopes, Optical interferometry, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Observations of binaries with the NPOI

Henrique Schmitt, J. Thomas Armstrong, Anders Jorgensen, Ellyn Baines, Robert Hindsley

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77343G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858307

KEYWORDS: Binary data, Calibration, Visibility, Stars, Phase measurement, Spectrographs, Optical interferometry, Analytical research, Prototyping, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Coherent integration results from the NPOI

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, J. Armstrong, D. Mozurkewich, E. Baines, R. Hindsley, D. Hutter, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77342Q (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858298

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Signal to noise ratio, Stars, Solids, Phase measurement, Spectrographs, Calibration, Spectral resolution, Data modeling, Precision measurement

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Limb-darkened angular diameters of stars with combined infrared and optical interferometry

Ellyn Baines, J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77343L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858213

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometry, Visibility, Interferometers, Atmospheric modeling, Infrared radiation, Calibration, Visualization, Data modeling, Optical interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 29 June 2006 Paper

A survey and characterization of extrasolar planetary systems host stars using the CHARA Array

E. Baines, H. McAlister, T. ten Brummelaar, J. Sturmann, L. Sturmann, N. Turner

Proceedings Volume 6268, 626845 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671553

KEYWORDS: Stars, Planetary systems, Visibility, Calibration, Planets, Exoplanets, Surface conduction electron emitter displays, Systems modeling, Modulation, Atmospheric modeling

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Showing 5 of 37 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (5)

Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VII

14 December 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI

11 June 2018 | Austin, Texas, United States

Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V Posters

27 June 2016 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V

27 June 2016 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Optical and Infrared Interferometry IV

23 June 2014 | Montréal, Quebec, Canada

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