X-ray phase imaging with grating interferometers, such as the Talbot interferometer, is widely performed even with a laboratory X-ray source. However, the achievable spatial resolution is normally limited by the period of gratings. In this work, two laboratory-based apparatuses are developed to overcome the constraint of the spatial resolution. One is the combination of a commercially available FZP-based X-ray imaging microscope and Lau interferometer optics. The two-step deconvolution approach is explained to attain phase tomography. The other is a sub-period super-resolution X-ray phase imaging, which is based on the sample-scanning scheme across the beamlet array formed by a triangular phase grating. A proof-of-concept result of the super-resolution approach is presented.
A microfocus x-ray tube is useful in order to perform magnification digital radiography including phase-contrast effect. The 100-μm-focus x-ray generator consists of a main controller for regulating the tube voltage and current and a tube unit with a high-voltage circuit and a fixed anode x-ray tube. The maximum tube voltage, current, and electric power were 105 kV, 0.5 mA, and 50 W, respectively. Using a 3-mm-thick aluminum filter, the x-ray intensity was 26.0 μGy/s at 1.0 m from the source with a tube voltage of 60 kV and a current of 0.50 mA. Because the peak photon energy was approximately 38 keV using the filter with a tube voltage of 60 kV, the bremsstrahlung x-rays were absorbed effectively by iodine-based contrast media with an iodine K-edge of 33.2 keV. Magnification angiography including phase-contrast effect was performed by three-time magnification imaging with a computed radiography system using iodine-based microspheres 15 μm in diameter. In angiography of non-living animals, we observed fine blood vessels of approximately 100 μm with high contrasts.
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