Ensuring 25-year reliability of a CPV system requires knowledge of potential failure modes and material deficiencies.
While Emcore’s CPV system conforms to all IEC 62108 tests, additional tests to eliminate potential long term reliability
concerns have been performed. Performance is evaluated through all levels of integration, from cell to module. Tests at
the cell level include IEC 62108 tests where feasible, as well as several other tests to establish the ability of the cell to
survive additional integration and perform well throughout the lifetime of the CPV module. At a receiver assembly and
module level, potential reliability concerns are addressed through targeted testing, which consists of accelerated stress tests which are used to quickly evaluate material performance and designed stress tests which allow the determination of activation energies. With this information, expected lifetime can be assessed and reliability concerns mitigated. Test methodologies and results from cell, receiver assembly and full module are presented demonstrating that targeted stress testing at each level of integration is a viable approach to assessing potential CPV failure modes.
In this paper we report the results from on-going performance enhancements of Emcore's comprehensive line of data communication VCSEL products in cost effective hermetic TO packages. Data are presented on the -20 to 100°C temperature range operational characteristics of our offerings at 1.25, 2.5, 4, and 10 Gb/s. The discussion covers high-speed parameters, fiber coupling efficiency, and other important features of the packaged devices.
Recent data on 10 Gb/s oxide VCSELs are presented. We cover failure analysis results on VCSELs that failed in the field, including failures due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and those inherent to the limitations of the present mesa structure used in oxide VCSELs. An ongoing experiment to overcome these limitations is discussed.
In this paper we describe the processes and procedures that have been developed to ensure high reliability for Emcore’s 850 nm oxide confined GaAs VCSELs. Evidence from on-going accelerated life testing and other reliability studies that confirm that this process yields reliable products will be discussed. We will present data and analysis techniques used to determine the activation energy and acceleration factors for the dominant wear-out failure mechanisms for our devices as well as our estimated MTTF of greater than 2 million use hours. We conclude with a summary of internal verification and field return rate validation data.
In this paper, we describe 850 nm oxide VCSEL array technologies being developed at Emcore Optical Devices. We demonstrate the excellent performance, uniformity and reliability of oxide VCSEL arrays operating at 2.5Gb/s per channel which are entering into high volume production. Due to the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth by high-bit-rate data communications links, VCSELs operating at even higher bandwidths are needed. We discuss the development of oxide VCSELs capable of transmitting 10 Gb/s for application in the 10 gigabit Ethernet and other emerging high-aggregate bandwidth standards.
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