The ability to identify explosives by ultrasonic spectra up to 45 kHz has been investigated for forensic and anti-terror applications. To lower the threshold for laser initiation, nontrivial and well-known azides, CTAP, HMDT, ETN, HMX and other energetic materials have been synthesized. Upon initiation of copper azide by Nd:YAG laser with 11 ns pulsewidth, a threshold of only ~80 μJ was reached, and for 50 μs pulses of laser diode it was ~300 μJ, which is consistent with the thermal initiation nature. Significant differences were found in the spectrum of high-frequency acoustic and ultrasonic vibrations for various energetic materials and bilayer structures. The effective frequency range for the dissociation of copper azide, silver azide and HMTD is limited by ~27 kHz. The spectra of bilayer structures demonstrate suppression of the characteristic lines of copper azide and enrich the spectrum in the ~27 – 45 kHz range: ETN appears in relatively wide bands, while HMX modulates the spectrum with periodic ~3 kHz bands. If successful, the discovered patterns can be used in disaster forensics.
In this study, we present the results of copper azide Cu(N3)2 initiation by pulsed lasers. The threshold energy and energy density are defined. A comparison of the obtained results shows the similarity of initiation of silver azide and copper azide. An approach to improving the safety of the use of cooper azide is proposed.
Electronic and geometrical structures of Con (n=6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14) particles have been studied using both the density
functional theory and Hartree-Fock calculations. Structural and electronic differences to the corresponding clusters are
presented. We have tried to recognize which structure (fcc or bcc) is more preferable for these particles. A four-fold and
higher coordination of the Co atoms was found to be the particularly preferable coordination environment in small Con
species. The key element of the Co particle is alsosuggested.
Electronic and geometrical structures of Con (n=4, 6, 8) particles have been studied using both the density functional
theory and the Hartree-Fock calculations. Structural differences to the corresponding clusters are presented. Four-fold
coordination of the Co atoms was found to be a particularly preferable coordination environment in small Con species.
The key element of the Co particle is suggested.
The geometrical structure of both the ground and excited state of the azo-dyes: Disperse Orange 3 (DO3) and Ch2- C4H4-N=N-C44/H(subscript 4-CH2 molecules have been investigated applying the Hartree Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT) methods with the Berny geometry optimization and Ames Laboratory determinant (ALDET)single- double-triple-quadra configuration interaction (SDTQ-CI) method. The investigations proved that the above-mentioned molecules can not rotate around the -N=N- bond. Thus, the alternative mechanism of the isomerization of the DO3 molecule per linear transition state has been suggested and investigated. The obtained one- and many- electron energy diagrams have been drawn. According to these diagrams the above mentioned isomerization way is possible. The mechanism of the isomerization of the azo-dyes molecule per linear transition state is suggested and investigated. The results of light induced internal molecular motions in azo-dyes molecules have been used for the design of light driven logically controlled molecular machines composed form photoactive organic molecules such as carbazole, 1,4- phenylenediamine (PhDA) and 4,5-dinitro- 9(dicyanomethylidene)-fluorene (DN9(CN)2F), Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiphene and Ferocene (C10H10Fe) molecules joined with -CH=CH- or -N=N- bridges. Ab initio DFT B3PW91 model using 6-311G** and Watanabe (WBTS) basis sets calculations show the stability of Sc3N and ErSc2 molecules which exist inside endohedral fullerene C80 derivatives: Sc3NC80. Analysis of electronic structure of inside clusters allowed proposing that these endohedral fullerenes might be used for electro- optical and magneto-optical switches and for information storage. We performed design of molecular logical devices based on organic electron donor and electron acceptor molecules, fullerene C60 substituted derivative CH2C60, electron donor-bridge-electron acceptor dyads and triads. Design of new series molecular implementations (MI) of two variable logic functions: AND (NAND), OR (NOR) is based on geometry optimization procedure. Molecular triggers and molecular dynamic memory were designed based on investigations of photo-excitation movements and charge transfer of aza-fullerene supermolecule (NH2)CH-NC59-NC59-CH(NO2). Our ab initio DFT B3PW91/LanL3DZ calculation of HOMO-LUMO gap in CdS nanocluster without four phenyle fragments gives value equal to 3.85 eV and the same method calculation of CdS nanocluster with four phenyle fragments gives HOMO-LUMO gap value equal to 3.66 eV. 121
The quantum chemical investigations of the Disperse Orange 3 (D03) molecule isomerization through linear
transition state has been assumed and investigated when -N=N- bond broken in the first excited state was not obtained. The
one- and many electron energy diagrams have been drawn. It is shown that crossing between active one electron-state takes
place. The many-electron diagram indicates that crossing between the closed shell state and the lowest open shell state is
present.
Quantum chemical ab initio calculations along with full geometry optimizations of Disperse Orange 3 (DO3), molecule in the ground state of the trans and cis conformations and carbazole (Cz), phenylenediamine molecules were performed applying the method of density functional theory (DFT). The obtained geometry of the ground state was used as initial one for the performed calculation with the optimization in the first excited state. The excited state has been investigated applying ab initio configuration interaction single-excitation molecular. Three variable light induced molecular machine was designed based on results of the obtained internal molecular motions during excitation of the DO3 molecule and the full geometry optimization was performed applying Hartree-Fock method for this device. The ZINDO method was applied performing the spectra calculations of the isolated photoactive molecules and the supermolecule- device. Several molecular logical machines are designed.
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