Physical scale modeling of the electromagnetic backscatter behavior of static sea states using dielectric models and indoor compact radar ranges has the potential to offer a unique and advantageous method to probe ocean scattering phenomenology not feasible using conventional radar measurements on dynamic sea surfaces. As an initial step towards developing such modeling techniques, the millimeter-wave backscatter of a static, simplified rough surface made from a material that electromagnetically models the X-band dielectric properties of seawater has been measured. Computational electromagnetic modeling of the surface was performed using Xpatch and is compared with compact range measurements. By starting with simplified sea-state surfaces, the aim is to develop a reliable scale modeling approach capable of studying the backscattering behavior of realistic ocean surfaces.
A comprehensive suite of NDE/NDI methods has been developed to rapidly inspect transparent ceramic domes for wide range of critical defects in order to identify and mitigate dome manufacturing issues and improve yield through the reduction or elimination thereof. A matrix of hot-pressed (HP), hot isostatically pressed and pressureless sintered (PS) spinel samples with a range of defect types and a variety of surface conditions were inspected using six different, yet complimentary, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. In summary, the combination of three such methods demonstrated the capability to detect all the critical defects with statistical significance for shop floor inspection of spinel domes. The equipment is relatively inexpensive and easy to use, and offers significant payoffs of improved yields and reduced finishing costs by detecting defects prior to the expensive grinding and polishing steps.
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