Point spread function (PSF) is the response of an optical system to a point source. The ideal PSF of traditional optics is Airy pattern corresponding to images without aberration. However, the PSF shape is considered to be flexible in computational imaging territory, which can be artificially manipulated, and the target image is restored by reconstruction algorithm. It is called PSF engineering and can improve the imaging quality of optical system. The method can break through traditional optical limitations and even endow optical systems with new imaging capabilities. In this paper, we will discuss PSF engineering method based on wavefront phase modulation, which is more commonly used for its advantage of high throughput. Its application, the depth of field extension of an in-situ plankton imaging system is discussed based on end-to-end joint optimization, demonstrating a defocus invariant imaging quality.
Over the past several years, ghost imaging has made remarkable achievements in poor optical conditions, including underwater imaging works. This study describes the interactions between environmental interference and experimental results of ghost imaging applied to underwater scenarios deduced by mathematical processes and related researches findings. In this paper, the causes of notable optical influences: absorption, scattering, and turbulence are firstly presented in the form of statistical mathematics; sequentially, at the level of complex amplitude in wave optics, the experimental principle: second-order correlation are calculated as a basic for subsequent discussion in physical illustration; further, mainly from existing researches, the text expounds the specific influence of environmental and experimental factors on the imaging quality with above-mentioned models.
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