A comprehensive model of holographic lithography is used to predict the final structure of a phasemask-formed photonic crystal in SU-8 photoresist. It includes optical imperfections in the phase mask, beam attenuation in the resist, and resist reaction kinetics such as acid diffusion, resist shrinkage and developer diffusion. By comparing simulations with the laser-formed PC templates in our lab, we can identify the origin of various crystal lattice distortions, and more accurately predict the template geometry and crystal motif.
Recently, two-dimensional and three-dimensional periodic dielectric structures have been directly fabricated by laser holographic lithography (HL) to create novel geometric structures with high-precision tolerances. Multiple beam interference via beam splitting mirrors or diffractive optical elements produce isointensity contours that can be accurately recorded in photoresist and subsequently used as a template for creating photonic crystals with a complete or partial bandgap. The periodic structures typically formed by HL comprise of highly convoluted contours that do not conform to typically known geometrical shapes and therefore preclude the use of analytic approaches such as the plane wave expansion (PWE) method to accurately generate the band-dispersion curves. In this paper, we present a numerical technique that decomposes the HL-formed structure into fine mesh grids and expands this material mesh into the PWE method to generate band-dispersion curves. Band diagrams obtained in this way are shown to accurately match the well known solutions for opal, inverted opal, and woodpile structures which have a regular motif. We extend the numerical technique to predict the band structure of HL templates which have an irregular motif and present band diagrams for structures formed by Ar-ion laser phasemask interference.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.