In our paper we discuss and compare the possibilities and shortcomings of both content-fragile watermarking and
digital forensics and analyze if the combination of both techniques allows the identification of more than the sum
of all manipulations identified by both techniques on their own due to synergetic effects. The first part of the
paper discusses the theoretical possibilities offered by a combined approach, in which forensics and watermarking
are considered as complementary tools for data authentication or deeply combined together, in order to reduce
their error rate and to enhance the detection efficiency. After this conceptual discussion the paper proposes
some concrete examples in which the joint approach is applied to video authentication. Some specific forensics
techniques are analyzed and expanded to handle efficiently video data. The examples show possible extensions
of passive-blind image forgery detection to video data, where the motion and time related characteristics of video
are efficiently exploited.
Our paper addresses two issues of a biometric authentication
algorithm for ID cardholders previously presented namely the
security of the embedded reference data and the aging process of the biometric data. We describe a protocol that allows two levels of verification, combining a biometric hash technique based on handwritten signature and hologram watermarks with cryptographic signatures in a verification infrastructure. This infrastructure consists of a Trusted Central Public Authority (TCPA), which serves numerous Enrollment Stations (ES) in a secure environment. Each individual performs an enrollment at an ES, which provides the TCPA with the full biometric reference data and a document hash. The TCPA then calculates the authentication record (AR) with the biometric hash, a validity timestamp, and a document hash provided by the ES. The AR is then signed with a cryptographic signature function, initialized with the TCPA's private key and embedded in the ID card as a watermark. Authentication is performed at Verification Stations (VS), where the ID card will be scanned and the signed AR is retrieved from the watermark. Due to the timestamp mechanism and a two level biometric verification technique based on offline and online features, the AR can deal with the aging process of the biometric feature by forcing a re-enrollment of the user after expiry, making use of the ES infrastructure. We describe some attack scenarios and we illustrate the watermarking embedding, retrieval and dispute protocols, analyzing their requisites, advantages and
disadvantages in relation to security requirements.
Digital watermarking has become an accepted technology for enabling multimedia protection schemes. One problem here is the security of these schemes. Without a suitable framework, watermarks can be replaced and manipulated. We discuss different protocols providing security against rightful ownership attacks and other fraud attempts. We compare the characteristics of existing protocols for different media like direct embedding or seed based and required attributes of the watermarking technology like robustness or payload. We introduce two new media independent protocol schemes for rightful ownership authentication. With the first scheme we ensure security of digital watermarks used for ownership protection with a combination of two watermarks: first watermark of the copyright holder and a second watermark from a Trusted Third Party (TTP). It is based on hologram embedding and the watermark consists of e.g. a company logo. As an example we use digital images and specify the properties of the embedded additional security information. We identify components necessary for the security protocol like timestamp, PKI and cryptographic algorithms. The second scheme is used for authentication. It is designed for invertible watermarking applications which require high data integrity. We combine digital signature schemes and digital watermarking to provide a public verifiable integrity. The original data can only be reproduced with a secret key. Both approaches provide solutions for copyright and authentication watermarking and are introduced for image data but can be easily adopted for video and audio data as well.
We present an analysis of a new technique for the authentication of ID cardholders, based on the integration of a biometrics-based authentication system with digital watermarks. The chosen biometric authentication method is the dynamic signature verification of the ID cardholder, while we use a specific integrity watermark technique we developed, called Hologram Watermark, to embed and retrieve the off-line data onto an ID card. We take advantage of the fact, that two static biometric features (images of the user's face and signature) are already integral part of ID cards for manual verification and extent the stored biometric information by embedding on-line handwriting features of the signature as holographic watermarks in the overall image information of an ID card. Manipulation of any of the image information can be detected and will further disallow biometric verification of the forger. The Hologram Watermark technique produces content-related data using computer-generated hologram coding techniques. These data are embedded with watermarking techniques into the personal data printed on an ID card. The content-related data in this specific application are the dynamic features of the cardholder's signature. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the suitability of dynamic signature verification in combination with the Hologram Watermark technique, to facilitate automated user authentication based on information transparently embedded in ID cards.
In this paper we introduce a new content-fragile watermarking concept for multimedia data authentication, especially for a/v data. While previous data authentication watermarking schemes address single media stream only, we discuss the requirements of multimedia protection techniques. Furthermore we introduce our new approach called 3D thumbnail cube. The main idea is based on a 3D hologram over continuing video and audio frames. Beside the data authentication, we face the owner authentication problem as second requirement for manipulation recognition. The watermark for manipulation recognition has to be created by the owner itself. The goal of owner authentication is to ensure that an entity is the one it claims to be. Therefore we introduce a key server and a biometric hash approach. We discuss several strategies and introduce a biometric based framework for owner authentication. With our presented data and owner authentication solutions we can realize an advanced security level.
Protecting the media of the future - securing the future of the media is an essential task for our new century. Security is defined by security measures, e.g. confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation. Most of these measures are using watermarking techniques and cryptographic mechanisms like cipher systems, digital signature schemes, and authentication protocols. The security of these mechanisms is mainly based on the authenticity of specific data like keys and attributes - both data must be dedicated to its owner in an authentic manner. Otherwise, the authenticity of data and of owners can not be guaranteed and subsequently, the security can not be assured. Therefore in our paper we want to focus on data and entity (owner) authentication. We introduce a general framework to protect media data by combining different existing techniques: cryptographic, watermarking and biometric approaches. As an example we describe general concepts for a content-fragile watermarking approach for digital images and a generic approach for biometric authentication.
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