Fast and non-invasive screening test based on electrochemical detection of structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 was developed. The measurement being the basis of the test is carried out in a standard three-electrode system, in which the working electrode is covered by bioreceptors immobilized on its surface by durable covalent bonding, ensuring specificity of the detection of desired analyte present in the sample. The carried out measurements allowed for detection of given protein of SARS-CoV-2 in standardized buffered samples and in samples containing virus-like particles. The estimated detection limit of the biosensor does not exceed 10^5 copies of the virus per milliliter.
We present a fibre optic biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on the lossy-mode-resonance (LMR) [6] effect, generated in a single-mode fibre with a thinned cladding and coated by thin-film dielectric with appropriately selected optical properties and thickness. The detection of selected viral structural proteins in the tested sample is ensured by specific bioreceptors. As a result of the interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 antigen, optical response in the short-wave-IR range is observed, and the detection limit does not exceed 1.3*10^2 copies/ml, when converted to the viral load concentration - sufficiently for virus detection even in the first days after infection.
Normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with p-GaN-gate, which offer high drain current and low on-state resistance at high threshold voltage and breakdown voltage values above 600V, are particularly attractive for high-power electronics applications. In this work we present the results of development of high power normally-off p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors carried out at Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics. We have developed key technological steps i.e. selective etching of p-GaN layers over AlGaN, deposition of proper passivation layer as well as thermally stable isolation of adjacent devices using selective Fe+ ion implantation, which were integrated in the process flow of manufacturing of high power transistors. Finally we have shown measurements of developed normally-off p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT power transistors assembled using in-house developed process in TO-220 package.
AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are capable of achieving high breakdown voltage, low operating resistance and large switching speed due to the excellent performance shown by III-N structures. The paper presents selected details of technological experimental work on high voltage (HV) AlGaN/GaN-on-Si HEMTs fabricated with multifinger structures and gate widths of up to 40×1 mm. The electrical isolation of individual devices was elaborated using Al+ implantation. The ions were implanted up to a depth of 200 nm in order to produce an effective damage and isolation up to the non-conducting AlGaN buffer layer. The influence of the ion energy (in the range 208-385 kV) and the ion dose (in the range 8.5x1012-1.4x1013cm-2) on the effectiveness of the fabricated isolation was found. The properties of the fabricated ohmic contacts (using Ti/Al/Mo/Au and Ti/Al/TiN/Cu metallization schemes) with emphasis put on the technology of recess etching were studied. The impact of various pretreatment, applied before deposition of the gate metallization, on electrical parameters of multifinger devices was analysed. The tested pretreatment methods included oxide removal in HCl-based solution, and O2 or BCl3 plasma treatment, with the lowest gate leakage current obtained for the latter. The results of fabrication of the HV HEMTs with single field-plate structures with various dielectrics (Si3N4 or Al2O3) are discussed. The characterization results within the paper cover electrical (I-V characteristics), structural (TEM, XRD), topographical (AFM) and elemental (EDS mapping) analyses.
This work was supported by The National Centre for Research and Development under Agreement nr TECHMATSTRATEG1/346922/4/NCBR/2017 for project "Technologies of semiconductor materials for high power and high frequency electronics"
Novel optical sensors the most often require thin films or surface structures with strictly controlled properties, playing a critical role in them by initiating or modifying their sensorial responses. Selected results of research on atomic layer deposited (ALD) metallic oxides will be shown, regarding their applicability for thin functional coatings in lossy mode resonance (LMR) and long period grating (LPG) optical fiber sensors. Basically amorphous films of tantalum oxide (TaxOy), zirconium oxide (ZrxOy) and hafnium oxide (HfxOy) below 200 nm were deposited at relatively low temperature (LT) of 100°C. The optical, structural, topographical, tribological, hydrophilic and chemical stability properties of the films and their technological controllability were analysed. The TaxOy was selected and successfully applied as an oxide coating in LPG sensor. As chemically robust in alkali environment (pH over 9) it allowed to gain a potential for fabrication of regenerable/reusable biosensor. Additionally, ALD technique was tested as a tool for tailoring sensorial properties of LMR sensors. The double-layer coatings composed of two different materials were experimentally tested for the first time; the coatings were composed of plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride (SixNy) followed by much thinner ALD TaxOy. That approach yielded operating devices, ensuring fast overlay fabrication and easy tuning of the resonant wavelength at the same time. The LT ALD TaxOy films turned out to be slightly overstoichiometric (y/x approx. 2.75). Therefore, the issue of TaxOy chemical composition was studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry.
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