Prof. Meredith K. Kupinski Profile

Prof. Meredith K. Kupinski

Assistant Professor at Wyant College of Optical Sciences

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Chair | Editor | Author

Publications (34)

Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Presentation

A validation of measured pBRDFs from physics-based renderings and Mueller imaging

Khalid Omer, Quinn Jarecki, Stefan Forschner, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume PC12690, PC1269001 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676770

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Optical spheres, Light scattering, Polarized light, Light sources and illumination, Spherical lenses, Mueller matrices, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Mueller polarimetry for quantifying the stress optic coefficient in the infrared

Jeremy Parkinson, Patrick Coronato, Jake Greivenkamp, Daniel Vukobratovich, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12690, 126900C (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676478

KEYWORDS: Mueller matrices, Polarimetry, Birefringence, Polarization, Infrared radiation, Finite element methods, Analytic models, Stress analysis, Photoelasticity, Photoelectric effect, Photoelastic analysis

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Simulating ground-based polarimetric responses using AirMSPI observations from the FIREX-AQ campaign

Clarissa DeLeon, Michael Garay, Olga Kalashnikova, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12690, 126900J (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676486

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Polarimetry, Scattering, Atmospheric particles, Ultraviolet radiation, Simulations, Fire, Polarization, Carbon

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Wildland fire smoke is one of the major sources of biomass-burning aerosols in the Earth’s atmosphere. As the smoke plume evolves, the biomass-burning aerosols undergo aging processes that change their physical and chemical composition. Capturing rapid temporal changes is not suitable for satellites due to the time lapse between observations. Airborne remote sensing offers the ability to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of smoke plume observations compared to satellite observations. However, this increase in spatial and temporal resolution from airborne observations amplifies the need for better spatial coverage from ground-based instruments for validation. In the summer of 2019, the Airborne Multiangle Spectropolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) was deployed during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. This aircraft performed multiple overpasses of the Williams Flats fire near the town of Spokane, Washington, USA, in August 2019, sampling smoke plumes at a georectifed spatial resolution of 10 m². This work performs aerosol retrievals along the smoke plume observed during one flight on 7 August 2019. The retrieval methods used here follow those established by DeLeon et al. (in review) using the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP). Two points along the plume were selected: one at 1.35km and the other at 3.78km from the fire source. The fraction of fine mode aerosols and single scattering albedo increased at the greater distance from this wildfire source. These retrieved aerosol properties were used to simulate ground-based polarimetry in ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavebands. For all wavebands, the maximum degree of linear polarization (DoLP) decreased farther from the source. Notably, the ultraviolet wavebands retained a higher polarimetric signal farther from the source, compared to the visible and infrared. At 865 nm the DoLP decreased from 48.5% to 14.6%. At 355 nm the DoLP decreased from 33.6% to 22.5%. These polarimetric simulations are intended to inform instrument development for ground-based detection of wildfire smoke.

Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Developing a reconstruction algorithm for 3D birefringence from tomographic polarimetry

Masafumi Seigo, Hidetoshi Fukui, Shogo Kawano, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12690, 126900E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2682622

KEYWORDS: Birefringence, Matrices, Inhomogeneities, Tomography, Polarimetry, 3D projection, Geometrical optics, Refractive index, Reconstruction algorithms, Singular value decomposition

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Single-view shape and depth from closed-form polarization models for depolarization-dominated objects

Quinn Jarecki, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12690, 1269004 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676996

KEYWORDS: Depolarization, Polarization, Polarimetry, Scattering, Mueller matrices, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Differences in ice and water LWIR spectral polarimetry at room temperature

Jaclyn John, Jeremy Parkinson, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12690, 126900I (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678064

KEYWORDS: Ice, Long wavelength infrared, Polarimetry, Polarization, Temperature metrology, Ocean optics, Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Emissivity, Clouds

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SPIE Journal Paper | 24 December 2022 Open Access

Underdetermined polarimetric measurements for Mueller extrapolations

Quinn Jarecki, Meredith Kupinski

OE, Vol. 61, Issue 12, 123104, (December 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.61.12.123104

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Depolarization, Cameras, Polarization, Reflection, Light sources and illumination, Video, Matrices, Mueller matrices, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2022 Presentation + Paper

Physics-based rendering: simulated Mueller matrix imaging

Khalid Omer, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12112, 121120F (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2622933

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Polarimetry, Data modeling, Visual process modeling, Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Computer graphics

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2022 Presentation + Paper

Extrapolating Mueller matrices from linear Stokes images

Quinn Jarecki, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12112, 121120D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2619055

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Cameras, Reflection, Scattering, Polarization, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Mueller matrices, Polarizers

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An object’s polarimetric bidirectional reflection distribution function (pBRDF) is fully parameterized by the 16 degrees of freedom of a Mueller matrix (MM) at each scattering geometry. A common pBRDF approximation to reduce the degrees of freedom is as a weighted sum of a Fresnel reflection term and an ideal depolarizer term. The weights on these terms represent fractional specular and diffuse reflection and are typically fit independently. Any MM for which the smallest three eigenvalues of the Cloude MM decomposition are identical,¹ can be rewritten as a convex sum of a dominant non-depolarizing MM and an ideal depolarizer.^{2, 3} Therefore, the fractional contribution of each term in this pBRDF model is a single depolarization parameter which corresponds to the largest eigenvalue.² The reduced degrees of freedom for pBRDFs described by this single depolarization parameter create an opportunity to utilize partial polarimetry. The primary contribution of this work is a linear estimator for a MM’s dominant eigenvalue which requires fewer measurements than a full MM reconstruction. Despite reducing the number of simulated measurements by a factor of 10, partial-polarimetry and full Mueller polarimetry eigenvalue estimates are comparable. Root-mean-squared error (RMSE) averaged over acquisition geometry for eigenvalues of a white and a gray balance card were 0.027 and 0.025 respectively for 4 polarimetric measurements, and 0.019 and 0.032 respectively for 40 polarimetric measurements. MM extrapolations from measurements with a commercial off-the-shelf linear Stokes camera are performed at 25 acquisition geometries on an ensemble of LEGO bricks treated to have varying surface roughness. Averaged over the acquisition geometries, the partial-polarimetry extrapolated MMs achieve a 7.3% minimum and 15.1% maximum flux discrepancy from full-polarimetry reconstructed MMs over the varying surface textures. This work demonstrates the first approach, known to the authors, for extrapolating depolarizing MMs.

Proceedings Article | 3 June 2022 Presentation + Paper

Near space demonstration of a compact LWIR spectro-polarimeter for ice cloud measurements

Kira Hart Shanks, Russell Chipman, Jaclyn John, Jeremy Parkinson, Dong Wu, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 12112, 121120L (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618406

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Polarization, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Temperature metrology, Polarimetry, Staring arrays, Ozone, Electronics, Error analysis

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SPIE Journal Paper | 13 October 2021 Open Access

Angle of linear polarization images of outdoor scenes (Erratum)

Meredith Kupinski, Christine Bradley, David Diner, Feng Xu, Russell Chipman

OE, Vol. 60, Issue 10, 109801, (October 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.60.10.109801

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Video, Optical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

UV linear stokes imaging of optically thin clouds

Clarissa DeLeon, James Heath, W. Reed Espinosa, Dong Wu, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 11833, 1183302 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595161

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Clouds, Ultraviolet radiation, Nonuniformity corrections, Scattering, Polarization, Atmospheric particles, Polarimetry, UV optics, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Stokes resolved differential temperature: an important metric of polarimetric precision in the long-wave infrared

Kira Hart Shanks, Russell Chipman, Dong Wu, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 11833, 118330I (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595428

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Calibration, Polarization, Infrared radiation, Polarizers, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 22 December 2020 Open Access

Mueller matrix maps of dichroic filters reveal polarization aberrations

James Heath, Meredith Kupinski, Ewan Douglas, Kira Hart, James Breckinridge

Proceedings Volume 11443, 1144341 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576282

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Coronagraphy, Wave plates, Polarimetry, Imaging systems, Wavefronts, Tolerancing, Telescopes, Ray tracing, Point spread functions

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SPIE Journal Paper | 3 July 2020 Open Access

First results from an uncooled LWIR polarimeter for cubesat deployment

Kira Hart, Meredith Kupinski, Dong Wu, Russell Chipman

OE, Vol. 59, Issue 07, 075103, (July 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.59.7.075103

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Modulation, Cameras, Long wavelength infrared, Polarization, Calibration, Sensors, Linear polarizers, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 2020 Presentation + Paper

Road scene object detection using pre-trained RGB neural networks on linear Stokes images

Khalid Omer, Russell Chipman, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 11412, 1141203 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2557172

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Image fusion, Neural networks, Roads, Polarization, Video, Cameras, Data fusion, Databases

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2020 Presentation + Paper

Effects of surface roughness and albedo on depolarization in Mueller matrices

Lisa Li, Russell Chipman, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 11412, 1141204 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2556356

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Surface roughness, Mueller matrices, Scattering, Reflection, Light-matter interactions, Data modeling, Polarimetry

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2020 Presentation + Paper

Linear Stokes measurement of thermal targets using compact LWIR spectropolarimeter

Kira Hart, Meredith Kupinski, Dong Wu, Russell Chipman

Proceedings Volume 11412, 114120H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2557887

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Modulation, Long wavelength infrared, Spectral resolution, Polarization, Sensors, Calibration, Linear polarizers, Monochromators

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Proceedings Article | 10 September 2019 Presentation

Demonstration of LWIR channeled spectro-polarimeter (Conference Presentation)

Kira Hart, Giovanni De Amici, Todd Horne, Meredith Kupinski, Kyler Langworthy, Adriana Stohn, Dong Wu, Russell Chipman

Proceedings Volume 11132, 1113207 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2532075

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Polarimetry, Clouds, Polarization, Modulation, Linear polarizers, Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Wave plates, Crystals

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Open Access

ExoPlanet Optics: conceptual design processes for stealth telescopes

J. Breckinridge, J. Harvey, R. Irvin, R. Chipman, M. Kupinski, J. Davis, D-W. Kim, E. Douglas, C. Lillie, T. Hull

Proceedings Volume 11115, 111150H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528825

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Astronomical telescopes, Astronomy, Polarization, Exoplanets, Transmittance, Diffraction, Optical instrument design, Coronagraphy

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2019 Paper

Diagnostics of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with Mueller matrix polarimetry

M. Kupinski, M. Boffety, R. Ossikovski, A. Pierangelo, J. Rehbinder, J. Vizet, F. Goudail, T. Novikova

Proceedings Volume 11075, 1107509 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527117

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Diagnostics, Statistical analysis, Cancer, Polarization, Cervical cancer, Cervix, Signal detection, Tissue optics, Pathology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 July 2019 Open Access

Special Section Guest Editorial: Polarization: Systems, Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing

David Chenault, Dennis Goldstein, Michael Kudenov, Meredith Kupinski, Joseph Pezzaniti, Joseph Shaw, Frans Snik, J. Scott Tyo, Christine Bradley

OE, Vol. 58, Issue 08, 082401, (July 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.58.8.082401

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Polarimetry, Remote sensing, Optical engineering, Imaging systems, Infrared imaging, Sensor technology, Sensors, Infrared radiation, Physics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 June 2019 Open Access

Angle of linear polarization images of outdoor scenes

Meredith Kupinski, Christine Bradley, David Diner, Feng Xu, Russell Chipman

OE, Vol. 58, Issue 08, 082419, (June 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.58.8.082419

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Polarization, Light scattering, Reflection, RGB color model, Polarimetry, Metals, Optical engineering, Video, Head

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2019 Presentation + Paper

Specifying polarimetric tolerances of a high-resolution imaging multiple-species atmospheric profiler (HiMAP)

Juliana Mae Richter, Russell Chipman, Brian Daugherty, David Diner, Annmarie Eldering, Jason Hyon, Meredith Kupinski, Jessica Neu, Dejian Fu

Proceedings Volume 10925, 109250F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510750

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Polarimetry, Condition numbers, Tolerancing, Ray tracing, Beam splitters, Thin film coatings, Atmospheric optics, 3D modeling, Sensors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 25 April 2019 Open Access

Estimating surface orientation from microfacet Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function models in outdoor passive imaging polarimetry

Meredith Kupinski, Christine Bradley, David Diner, Feng Xu, Russell Chipman

OE, Vol. 58, Issue 08, 082416, (April 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.58.8.082416

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Scattering, Light scattering, RGB color model, Polarimetry, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Polarization, Reflectivity, Aerosols, Specular reflections

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2018 Open Access

HabEx polarization ray trace and aberration analysis

Jeffrey Davis, Meredith Kupinski, Russell Chipman, James Breckinridge

Proceedings Volume 10698, 106983H (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313670

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Coronagraphy, Polarization, Birefringence, Ray tracing, Exoplanets, Telescopes, Point spread functions

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The flux difference between a terrestrial exoplanet and a much brighter nearby star creates an enormous optical design challenge for space-based imaging systems. Coronagraphs are designed to block the star’s flux and obtain a high-dynamic-range image of the exoplanet. The contrast of an optical system is calculated using the point spread function (PSF). Contrast quantifies starlight suppression of an imaging system at a given separation of the two objects. Contrast requirements can be as small as 10⁻¹⁰ for earth-like planets. This work reports an analysis of the September 2017 Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx) end-to-end optical system prescription for geometric and polarization aberrations across the 450 to 550 nm channel. The Lyot coronagraph was modeled with a vector vortex charge 6 mask but without adaptive optics (AO) to correct the phase of the Jones pupil. The detector plane irradiance was calculated for three states of the telescope/coronagraph system: (1) free of geometric and polarization aberrations; (2) isotropic mirror coatings throughout the end-toend system; and (3) isotropic mirrors with form birefringence on the primary mirror. For each of these three states the system response both with and without a coronagraph mask was calculated. Two merit functions were defined to quantify the system’s ability to attenuate starlight: (1) normalized polychromatic irradiance (NPI), and (2) starlight suppression factor (SSF). Both of these are dimensionless and their values are functions of position across the focal plane. The NPI is defined as the irradiance point-by-point across the detector plane with a coronagraph mask divided by the value of the on-axis irradiance without a coronagraph mask. The SSF is the irradiance point-by-point across the detector plane with a coronagraph mask divided by the pointby-point value of the irradiance across the detector plane without a coronagraph mask. Both the NPI and the SSF provide insights into coronagraph performance. Deviations from the aberration-free case are calculated and summarized in table 2. The conclusions are: (1) the HabEx optical system is well-balanced for both geometric and polarization aberrations; (2) the spatially dependent polarization reflectivity for the HabEx primary mirror should be specified to ensure the coating is isotropic; (3) AO to correct the two orthogonal polarization-dependent wavefront errors is essential.

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2017 Paper

Estimating the relative water content of leaves in a cotton canopy

Vern Vanderbilt, Craig Daughtry, Meredith Kupinski, Christine Bradley, Andrew French, Kevin Bronson, Russell Chipman, Robert Dahlgren

Proceedings Volume 10407, 104070Z (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274502

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Remote sensing, Reflectivity, Visible radiation, Agriculture, Reflection, Infrared imaging, Infrared radiation, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Surface parameter based image estimation from application of a scattering model to polarized light measurements

Hanyu Zhan, Hanwan Jiang, David Voelz, Meredith Kupinski

Proceedings Volume 10407, 104070U (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274972

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Scattering, Polarimetry, Statistical analysis, Remote sensing, Multispectral imaging, Optical testing, Polarization, Image analysis, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2017 Paper

Tasked-based quantification of measurement utility for ex vivo multi-spectral Mueller polarimetry of the uterine cervix

Meredith Kupinski, Jean Rehbinder, Huda Haddad, Stanislas Deby, Jérémy Vizet, Benjamin Teig, André Nazac, Angelo Pierangelo, François Moreau, Tatiana Novikova

Proceedings Volume 10411, 104110N (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2286837

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Cervix, Cervical cancer

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2016 Paper

Power spectra trends in imaging polarimetry of outdoor solar illuminated scenes

Meredith Kupinski, Russell Chipman

Proceedings Volume 9853, 98530P (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228265

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Polarization, Spatial frequencies, Imaging systems, Cameras, Spectrum analysis, Environmental sensing, Polarimetry, Scattering, RGB color model, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 24 March 2016 Paper

Applying the J-optimal channelized quadratic observer to SPECT myocardial perfusion defect detection

Meredith Kupinski, Eric Clarkson, Michael Ghaly, Eric Frey

Proceedings Volume 9787, 978708 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217846

KEYWORDS: Single photon emission computed tomography, Defect detection, Computed tomography, Statistical analysis, Electronic filtering, Matrices, Optimization (mathematics), Reconstruction algorithms, Image compression, Data modeling, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2015 Paper

Spectral invariance hypothesis study of polarized reflectance with Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI)

Christine Bradley, Meredith Kupinski, David Diner, Feng Xu, Russell Chipman

Proceedings Volume 9613, 96130U (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187495

KEYWORDS: Cements, Polarization, Imaging systems, Atmospheric modeling, Reflectivity, Scattering, Cameras, Remote sensing, Aerosols, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2015 Paper

Applying a microfacet model to polarized light scattering measurements of the Earth's surface

Meredith Kupinski, Christine Bradley, David Diner, Feng Xu, Russell Chipman

Proceedings Volume 9613, 96130T (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188207

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Scattering, Light scattering, Polarization, Aerosols, Polarimetry, Atmospheric particles, Data modeling, Scatter measurement, Cameras

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SPIE Journal Paper | 12 November 2014 Open Access

Relating the statistics of the angle of linear polarization to measurement uncertainty of the Stokes vector

Meredith Kupinski, Russell Chipman, Eric Clarkson

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 11, 113108, (November 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.11.113108

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Statistical analysis, Polarimetry, Clouds, Multiple scattering, Error analysis, Scattering, Bessel functions, Optical engineering, Atmospheric modeling

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