In this work, we have used a tunable VCSEL for high-speed optical data transmission. To obtain wide tunability, a MEMS-DBR is surface micromachined onto a short-cavity high-speed VCSEL operating at 1550 nm. Ultra-wide continuous tuning is realized with electro-thermal actuation of the MEMS with built-in stress gradient
within SiOx/SiNy dielectric layers. The MEMS-VCSEL operates in single-mode with SMSR > 40 dB across the entire tuning range. Quasi-error-free transmission of direct-modulation at record 15 Gbps is reported for 20 nm tuning, showing the potential towards the standard requirements for the SFP+ modules in the tail-ends of the WDM transmission system.
A simple analytical method to estimate the OSNR sensitivity of multi-level amplitude, phase and combined modulation
formats is shown. The results are compared to numerical simulations with coherent and direct detection technique using
RZ and NRZ pulse shape.
For metro and regional 100-Gbps transmission, a transparent channel reach of 500-600 km is required and a 100-GHz
channel grid is typically used. For these applications, a cost effective modulation format is introduced which can make
use of electronic components designed for the already established 40-Gbps market, bypassing the requirements for novel
electronic developments and therefore reducing the component cost. With this DPSK-3ASK modulation format, five
information bits are transmitted in two consecutive symbols, leading to a symbol rate of 45 Gbaud, including overhead
for framing and FEC. To minimize hardware requirements and to create a cost-effective solution, a single Mach-Zehnder
modulator can be used to create the optical DPSK-3ASK signal after combining the phase and amplitude modulation
signals into a 6-level modulator drive voltage. In this paper, it is demonstrated by numerical simulations that these
voltage levels can be modified to adapt to varying signal distortions and thereby yield improved transmission
performance. It is shown that by dynamically modifying the modulation levels based on the channel performance,
dynamic signal impairments such as the non-linear effects from varying power levels, changes in chromatic dispersion,
or varying PMD levels can be mitigated. Error-free performance (with FEC) can be obtained with 24 dB OSNR and 7ps
DGD for a 112-Gbps (45-Gbaud) optical signal.
Bi-directional transmission of optical data over a single fiber reduces the first installed cost as well as the operational cost of DWDM systems. This paper discusses the special design issues, when a single amplifier and a single dispersion compensation module are used for both traffic directions. Results of loop transmission experiments over 5000 km of NZDSF are demonstrated.
The transmission of high-bandwidth data over optical fiber is impaired by a variety of linear and nonlinear effects due to the inherent properties of the transmission medium. In this tutorial, we will explain how these physical effects affect the data transmission. We will also discuss the interdependence between these effects and give some rules of thumb to estimate their relative impact.
A nonlinear optical loop mirror is reported, employing a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA). The input-output characteristic is distinctly nonlinear and when operating as an optical correlator an extinction ratio of 13 dB was revealed.
An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching node consisting of semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) gates and fiber loop optical buffers is investigated. The requirements on the SLA properties are investigated and BER-measurements are reported.
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