KEYWORDS: Photonic crystal fibers, Biological and chemical sensing, Sensors, Absorption, Gas sensors, Gases, Finite element methods, Fiber optics sensors, Single mode fibers, Chemical analysis
The in-line chemical sensing device with novel C-type fiber and photonic crystal fiber was successfully fabricated. We
further improved the sensitivity or light coupling efficiency of our in-line chemical sensing device with optimized the Ctype
fiber length. The results show that sensitivity and response time of device are significantly enhanced with
optimization of cleaving and splicing process. The gas sensing experiments with the optimized conditions are
demonstrated for detecting partial pressure of acetylene. We also numerically analyzed the sensitivity of ring-core defect
photonic crystal fiber which was used in this experiment, through full-vectorial finite element method.
A hollow optical fiber (HOF) has an unique modal distribution of a central evanescent field due to its structure.
The HOF consists of a central air hole, a Ge-doped ring core placed at the inmost layer, and silica cladding,
which induces the weak evanescent field at the central hole. By the structure with geometric symmetry, it is
possible to inject a refractive fluid into the hole and to modify the modal distribution. When a refractive index of
the fluid is same with or higher than the core's, guiding of light becomes dominant at the center and the ringshaped
field turns into a LP01 mode. During the process, optical force is induced and the net momentum of the
fluid is changed. The direction of optical force is opposite to that of light propagation, and the fluid come to be
dragged along the central channel in the HOF. In order to further investigate the phenomenon, we have changed
the refractive index of the fluid and measured resultant optical force. The direction and strength of the optical
force was dependent on the refractive index of the central fluid, which shows ample potential of the HOF as a
refractive index sensor.
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the potential of quasi-distributed high temperature sensor based on fiber
Bragg grating (FBG) utilizing high thermal conductive sheath, which can be a cost-effective alternative for conventional
distributed temperature sensors based on Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh scattering. A unique Fire Sensing Cable (FSC)
used in this experiment is constructed from a 304 stainless steel sheath with 16 optical fibers imbedded in a conductive
fluid. One of the fibers contains FBGs for temperature sensing. Total of seventy seven FBGs were serially inscribed with
the spacing of six meter over the total length of 468 meter. FSC was heated by various hot zones formed by IR furnace
and nitrogen heat nozzle, as the shifts of FBGs were monitored. Although FBGs were 6 meter apart each other, high
thermal conductivity of the stainless steal sheath made it possible to check temperature change in the region between
gratings. These preliminary results clearly show a high potential of FBGs combined with FSC in applications of quasi-distributed
fire sensing cables and monitoring systems.
One of the major issues in recovering a high-resolution image from a sequence of low-resolution observations is the accuracy of the motion information. In most of the work in the literature, the motion information is assumed to be known with high accuracy. This is very often not the case, and therefore the accuracy of high-resolution image reconstruction suffers substantially, since it greatly depends on the motion information. To address these issues in this paper, we propose a high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm that reduces the distortion in the reconstructed high-resolution image due to the inaccuracy of the estimated motion. Towards this task, we analyze the reconstruction noise generated by the inaccurate motion information. Based on this analysis, we propose a new regularization functional and derive a sufficient condition for the convergence of the resulting iterative reconstruction algorithm. The proposed algorithm requires no prior information about the original image or the inaccuracy of the motion information. Experimental results illustrate the benefit of the proposed method when compared to conventional high-resolution image reconstruction methods in terms of both objective measurements and subjective evaluation.
A deinterlacing algorithm based on edge-dependent interpolation (EDI) that considers edge patterns is proposed. Generally, EDI algorithms perform visually better than other deinterlacing algorithms using one field. However, they produce unpleasant results due to failure in estimating edge direction. To estimate the edge direction precisely, not only simple differences between adjacent two lines but also edge patterns are used. Edge patterns, which give sufficient information to estimate the edge direction, appear along the edge direction. Therefore, we analyze properties of edge patterns and model them as a weight function. The weight function helps the proposed method to estimate the edge direction precisely. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional EDI approaches with respect to both objective and subjective criteria.
High resolution images are often required in applications such as remote sensing, frame freeze in video, military and medical imaging. Digital image sensor arrays, which are used for image acquisition in many imaging systems, are not dense enough to prevent aliasing, so the acquired images will be degraded by aliasing effects. To prevent aliasing without loss of resolution, a dense detector array is required. But it may be very costly or unavailable, thus, many imaging systems are designed to allow some level of aliasing during image acquisition. The purpose of our work is to reconstruct an unaliased high resolution image from the acquired aliased image sequence. In this paper, we propose a spatially adaptive regularized iterative high resolution image reconstruction algorithm for blurred, noisy and down-sampled image sequences. The proposed approach is based on a Constrained Least Squares (CLS) high resolution reconstruction algorithm, with spatially adaptive regularization operators and parameters. These regularization terms are shown to improve the reconstructed image quality by forcing smoothness, while preserving edges in the reconstructed high resolution image. Accurate sub-pixel motion registration is the key of the success of the high resolution image reconstruction algorithm. However, sub-pixel motion registration may have some level of registration error. Therefore, a reconstruction algorithm which is robust against the registration error is required. The registration algorithm uses a gradient based sub-pixel motion estimator which provides shift information for each of the recorded frames. The proposed algorithm is based on a technique of high resolution image reconstruction, and it solves spatially adaptive regularized constrained least square minimization functionals. In this paper, we show that the reconstruction algorithm gives dramatic improvements in the resolution of the reconstructed image and is effective in handling the aliased information. The proposed algorithm is also shown to be robust in the presence of severe registration error. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed reconstruction algorithm. Comparative analyses with other reconstruction methods are also provided.
Data is reported on 1.3 micrometer uncooled MQW DFB lasers and OC-12(622Mbps) optical transmitter modules. The devices show stable single longitudinal mode operation up to a maximum output power of 100mW with a SMSR greater than 46dB and the characteristic temperature measured continuously between 20 and 80 degrees Celsius is 78K. An average optical power of -2dBm and an extinction ratio of 14 dB were obtained from the OC-12 transmitter module with the DFB laser.
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