Multiple Aperture Transform Chip Heterodyne (MATCH) spectrometers have been developed for targeted remote
sensing applications in harsh environments. These waveguide-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) offer
significant improvements in resource efficiency over monolithic glass implementations, but are relatively limited in
terms of input coupling efficiency and fill factor of the input facet. Integrated optics spectrometers have significant
resource advantages for space applications. Monolithic Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers are insensitive to
vibration and do not require frequent calibration. In addition, Fourier Transform Spectrometers are known to
provide significant performance advantages for emission spectroscopy. Ongoing work will improve the MATCH
spectrometer input coupling efficiency from free space. This paper discusses the signal to noise improvements
expected by incorporation of surface gratings, or back-thinning and stacking of slabs. We show that the use of
surface gratings can increase the throughput over coupling to bare waveguides alone (in a single polarization), and
provide close to 100% fill factor, albeit with limited field. Étendue improvements associated with stacked slabs are
limited only by the sensing area available, but the fill factor of the input facet is limited to ~10%. The impact of
these improvements is assessed in the context of two space-based applications: 1) Atmospheric remote sensing in
the context of Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water (solar occultation absorption spectroscopy) near 1.3 μm
and 2) Point emission spectroscopy (LIBS/Raman/fluorescence) for mineral identification on a planetary rover.
We present development of a compact, robust, waveguide Fourier-transform microspectrometer for high-resolution and high-throughput spectroscopy in space-based applications. The prototype device is being developed to monitor water vapor in the atmosphere from a micro-satellite platform. The instrument is based on a unique slab waveguide spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) chip fabricated at the National Research Council Canada in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology.
We present miniature spectrometers that offer high resolution, increased optical throughput (étendue), and are
compatible with a microsatellite platform. The spectrometers are implemented using arrays of singlemode planar optical
waveguides and use a Fourier technique for spectra retrieval. We discuss design, fabrication, and first experimental
results for these multiaperture spectrometers implemented in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides.
We present a novel micro-interferometer implemented using arrays of single-mode planar optical waveguides. The
spatial heterodyne waveguide spectrometer offers high resolution and increased optical throughput (etendue) and is
compatible with a microsatellite platform. A stationary Fourier technique is employed to reconstruct the input spectrum
from the array of outputs. Calibration mitigates waveguide fabrication errors and input illumination non-uniformities and
can be readily implemented in the spectral retrieval algorithm. Signal to noise performance is estimated for a remote
sensing application using a classical telescope front end with comparison to classical techniques.
We present multiaperture stationary spectrometers in planar optical waveguides. The devices are based on the spatial
heterodyning technique, do not require moving parts, and use Fourier transformation for spectra retrieval. The design is
based on arrays of waveguide interferometers with linearly increasing optical path delay. The spectrometers have
increased optical throughput due to multiple input waveguides. We discuss design, fabrication, and first experimental
results for these multiaperture spectrometers implemented in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) ridge waveguides.
We review the theory and design of a novel type of stationary spectrometer in planar optical waveguides. These spatial
heterodyne spectrometers are based on arrayed Mach-Zehnder interferometers and offer high resolution and increased
optical throughput (etendue). A stationary Fourier technique is employed to reconstruct the input spectrum from the
Mach-Zehnder outputs. Calibration mitigates waveguide fabrication errors and can be readily implemented in the
spectra retrieval algorithm. Sensitivity to errors calibration measurements is numerically simulated.
Design and simulations of a Fourier-transform planar waveguide spectrometer are presented in the context of space-born observations of water in the near infrared spectral region. Spatial heterodyning of an optical signal is realized by using arrayed waveguide structures which produce spectrally dependent interference fringes. The light spectrum is calculated using discrete spatial Fourier transformation of the fringes. The arrayed waveguides form a multi-aperture input which markedly increases the optical throughput (étendue) of the device compared to single-aperture spectrometers.
The beam propagation method has been widely used for waveguide optics modeling. Recently, the method has been implemented into user friendly software systems that are advanced design tools for photonic devices and integrated circuits. Considering the BPM_CAD software package, we discuss common elements of these systems including a layout editor, propagation and mode solvers, and analysis tools.
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