The Φsat-2 mission from the European Space Agency (ESA) is part of Φsat mission lineup aimed to address innovative mission concepts making use of advanced onboard processing including Artificial Intelligence. Φsat-2 is based on a 6U CubeSat with a medium-high resolution VIS/NIR multispectral payload (eight bands plus NIR) combined with a hardware accelerated unit capable of running several AI applications throughout the mission lifetime. As images are acquired, and after the application of dTDI processing, the raw data is transferred through SpaceWire to a payload pre-processor where level L1B will be produced. At this stage radiometric and geometric processing are carried out in conjunction with georeferencing. Once the data is pre-processed, it is fed to the AI processor through the primary computer and made available to the onboard applications; orchestration is done via a dedicated version of the NanoSat MO Framework. The following applications are currently baselined and additional two will be selected via dedicated AI Challenge by Q3 2023: SAT2MAP for autonomous detection of streets during emergency scenarios; Cloud Detection application and service for data reduction; the Autonomous Vessel Awareness to detect and classify vessel types and the deep compression application (CAE) that has the goal of reducing the amount of acquired data to improve the mission effectiveness.
The mission of the Earth Observation Programme (EOP) Directorate in ESA is to keep observation techniques at the most updated technological state, creating cutting-edge products and expanding Earth science knowledge. In recent years, in the spirit of its own mission, the EOP Directorate investigated the capabilities offered by small satellites establishing three different lines of mission implementation activities depending on the overall objective i.e., novel Earth Observation techniques in Earth science (Scout class), industrial innovation to support European industry competitiveness (InCubed class) or In Orbit Demonstration (IOD) of innovative EO techniques enabled by disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence (Φ-Sat class). [ “Overview of ESA’s Earth Observation upcoming small satellites missions” M. Pastena et Al. 34th Small Satellite Conference]
Although these mission lines are all relatively new, they have produced a consistent number of studies, ideas and developments and in particular many CubeSat based mission developments.
This paper will present an overview of all the missions under development in the ESA Earth Observation Programmes which are based on CubeSats, starting with preliminary in-flight results of the Φ-Sat-1 mission launched in Q3 2019 representing the first ESA Earth Observation CubeSat mission. Within the Φ-Sat class a follow-on mission, namely Φ-Sat-2, has just started its preparation phase and it is planned to be launched by the end of 2022.
Concerning the Scout programme, for the CubeSat-based missions the focus will be on the ESP-MACCS mission, based on a small constellation of three 12U CubeSats, that has been selected for implementation as the first Scout mission. In parallel to the ESP-MACCS mission implementation, as part of the follow-up of the Scout consolidation phase, risk retirement activities will be initiated for the NanoMagSat and TANGO missions. Finally, the paper will present the InCubed missions based on CubeSat currently under preparation, i.e. MANTIS and Hyperfield.
KEYWORDS: Satellites, Commercial off the shelf technology, Space operations, Data processing, Artificial intelligence, Super resolution, Temporal resolution, Earth sciences
ESA Directorate of Earth Observation Programmes (ESA-EOP) have seized the opportunity to support the development of small and nano-satellites to complement the EOP scientific and application-driven flagship missions. These developments include new science driven missions and constellations which enable a significant increase in temporal resolution leading to new applications. This paper presents an overview of the NewSpace paradigm, describes the overall ESA-EOP small mission strategy and provides a brief insight into some of the small satellites being developed at ESA across three programmatic lines: Scout Missions, Φ-sat Missions and the Investing in Industrial Innovation (InCubed) Programme. The paper focuses on optical missions.
KEYWORDS: Satellites, Image processing, Cameras, Spatial resolution, Signal to noise ratio, RGB color model, Interfaces, Space operations, Imaging systems, High resolution satellite images
The requirements of the natural resources sector for remote sensing products are generally very demanding both in terms of data quality and coverage/revisit time. The MANTIS mission (Mission and Agile Nanosatellite for Terrestrial Imagery Services) is being developed to specifically fulfil those requirements using a compact and agile 12U Cubesat system. MANTIS will embark the iSIM90-12U (integrated Standard Imager for Microsatellites) an innovative high-resolution optical payload for Earth Observation missions developed by Satlantis Microsats SL. The payload consists of a compact binocular telescope specifically designed to fit within a volume of 8U, and thus ideal for 12U CubeSat standard platforms. The design relies on iSIM technology, comprised by the integration of four key technologies: a binocular diffraction-limited optical system working at visible and near-infrared wavelength; a high precision, robust and light structure; a set of innovative COTS detectors with 2D CMOS sensors; and a high-performance and reconfigurable on-board processing unit with super-resolution algorithms implemented. Open Cosmos Ltd. as Prime is responsible for the end-to-end space mission service, including the provision of a new generation 12U spacecraft platform, while Terrabotics Ltd. will analyse and provide data to the end users. The mission is funded by the European Space Agency’s InCubed (Investing in Industrial Innovation) program supporting innovative activities related to Earth Observation enabling European industry to compete commercially in the global marketplace. An overview of the development status of the mission will be presented focusing on the consolidation of the payload design and the mission end products.
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