KEYWORDS: Hough transforms, Image processing, Field programmable gate arrays, Chemical elements, Digital signal processing, Point spread functions, Signal processing, Cameras, Binary data, Data processing
This paper describes an implementation of the Hough Transform (HT) that uses a hybrid-log structure for the main
arithmetic components instead of fixed or floating point architectures. A major advantage of this approach is a reduction
in the overall computational complexity of the HT without adversely affecting its overall performance when compared to
fixed point solutions. The proposed architecture is compatible with the latest FPGA architectures allowing multiple units
to operate in parallel without exhausting the dedicated (but limited) on-chip signal processing resources that can instead
be allocated to other image processing and classification tasks. The solution proposed is capable of performing a real-time
HT on megapixel images at frame rates of up to 25 frames per second using a Xilinx VirtexTM architecture.
KEYWORDS: CCD cameras, Cameras, Profiling, Laser applications, High dynamic range imaging, Interference filters, Light sources, CMOS technology, Standards development, Signal to noise ratio
The recent introduction of high dynamic range CMOS-cameras with logarithmic response to light intensity, justify a serious evaluation of the technology as an alternative technology for laser profiling. This paper presents a series of comparative tests of a high quality CCD-camera and a high-dynamic range CMOS-camera. Standard gray scale charts are used to verify the intensity response and the signal to noise ratio at different f-stops. It is shown that the high dynamic range of the CMOS-sensor makes the camera suitable for differential image laser profiling. Furthermore, the cross-section of steel rods and wires are observed to verify the industrial applicability
of the different standards. Both, material at room temperature and red-hot glowing steel bars were measured. The advantages and disadvantages for each technology are shown on the basis of these tests. Finally, a laser profiler was manufactured with the CMOS-camera and successfully implemented in a steel-mill.
The main goal of the ESPRIT project 'microintegrated intelligent optical sensor systems' (MInOSS) was to investigate a design methodology for optical sensor systems. The methodology was applied to the design of a library of modules and general building blocks in a standard CMOS technology aimed at easing the design of future optical sensors. A set of demonstrators was developed, including a linear array of sensors for spectrophotometry and a number of 2D sensor arrays for use in 'intelligent' digital cameras. The main results of the project to be reviewed in this paper include a library photodiode arrays and charge amplifiers; three-step flash and algorithmic analog-to- digital converters for on-chip conversion; the architectures of the linear and 2D intelligent sensors which were developed; and guidelines for the practical design of photosensors and pixel arrays in a mixed analogue/digital/optical environment.
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