KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Near field diffraction, Convolution, Fourier transforms, Computer simulations, Computation time, Lithium, Aliasing, Simulations, Near field optics
In the study of optical systems, accurately calculating Fresnel diffraction patterns is crucial for understanding and designing various applications, from imaging systems to laser technologies. However, existing commonly used calculation methods each have their limitations. This paper proposes an approximate algorithm for calculating Fresnel diffraction to address these shortcomings. The algorithm is based on the oscillatory characteristics of the quadratic phase exponential function in the Fresnel diffraction integral. By convolving this quadratic phase exponential function with another slowly varying function, it is found that the rapidly oscillating parts cancel each other out, having little impact on the final calculation result. Therefore, only the areas that primarily contribute to the diffraction need to be computed. The study shows that this algorithm significantly reduces the computational load while maintaining a certain level of accuracy. Compared to the direct integration method, it shows a notable improvement in calculation speed. It also maintains high accuracy compared to both the direct integration method and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. Additionally, since it does not involve the frequency domain transformation used in FFT, it avoids under-sampling issues. This algorithm offers a feasible method for calculating diffraction patterns while ensuring a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.
Digital Holographic Interferometry (DHI) provides a non-contact measurement at the wavelength level of light. Due to the application of the interferometric principle, non-Gaussian speckle noise introduced during the measurement process is unavoidable and is difficult to eliminate. Thus, denoising is critical and affects measurement accuracy. A method for speckle denoising via self-supervised deep learning, based on a Cycle-Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN), is proposed in this paper. The method employs unpaired datasets and integrates a 4-f optical speckle noise simulation module to reduce training costs while improving training accuracy. The proposed method was tested on both simulated and experimental data, with results showing a 4.6% performance improvement in PSNR over competitor algorithms. The proposed method has great potential and advantages in DHI studies with huge datasets.
Speckle de-noising can improve digital holographic interferometric phase measurements but may affect experimental accuracy. A deep learning-based speckle de-noising algorithm is developed referring to the U-Net and the DenseNet architectures using a conditional generative adversarial network established by the generator and the discriminator network. The loss functions that guide generator training consist of a mixture of a static spatial distance norm metric designed by considering the peak signal-to-noise ratio parameter, and a dynamic metric generated from the discriminator that grows with the generator in training. Datasets obtained from speckle simulations 4-f system are shown to provide improved noise feature extraction. Therefore, the proposed method offers better performance than other de-noising algorithms For processing experimental strain data from digital holography.
This paper presents a reconstruction algorithm based on an intermediate digital hologram which leads to the reconstruction of the image of the object with a controlled sampling pitch and number of pixels. The final image is obtained by calculating the diffraction from the intermediate hologram plane to the image plane using the convolution approach. Experimental results confirm the suitability of the proposed method. The calculation time is slightly better than the other similar approaches. Application in digital color holographic imaging shows that the proposed algorithm provides full color images of colored objects.
This paper proposes a theoretical and experimental analysis of the saturation effect in digital Fresnel holography and
generalizes the linear image formulation to the case of the non linear pixel saturation.
The method of digital holography wavefront reconstruction with adjustable magnification is introduced. Since there is
strong zero-order diffraction interference on the reconstruction plane, three different methods are proposed to eliminate
zero-order diffraction interference, and compared through experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the
mean subtracted from a hologram is an effective method.
This letter presents a method for real-time three-color digital holographic interferometry based on Foveon CCD. The
control mode of CCD is optimized and color aliasing is limited consumedly. The influence on color hologram becomes
very little. On the whole, color aliasing is eliminated especially in the phase difference detecting. Moreover, the optical
setup is considerably simplified, since the reference beams are combined into a unique beam. Experimental results
confirm the suitability of the proposed method.
Two digital optical methods to measure micro-deformation field are investigated. One is digital shearography measurement, the other is reflecting digital holography interferometry. Corresponding experiments are done based on both methods mentioned above, and the stripe pattens are gained by using digital image processing. A simple and quick method to interpret stripe pattens is presented and corresponding results are also obtained.
Surface contouring by digital phase-shifting holograph system based on the LC-SLM is proposed in the paper. Special phase-shift is introduced in the reference beam by changing code pattern displayed on the LC-SLM. And the reconstruction quality of complex amplitude of object wave has been improved greatly. The surface contouring measurement can be realized by means of phase change introduced by rotating the object beam.
Phase-shifting is one of key technologies in the digital holography or interferometry. Exact and stable phase shifts play
an important role in the experimental results. Computer-generated holograph phase-shifting unit based on LC-SLM can
produce phase shift with repeatable and high stability. In the system, it is very crucial to encode the computer-generated
holograph on LC-SLM. This paper investigates phase-shifting precision and stability as well as diffraction efficiency by
using various encoding methods in theory and experiment. The work in the paper establishes foundation that
computer-generated holograph phase-shifting unit based on LC-SLM can be applied in the digital holography and
interferometry system.
This paper discussed the measurement error of digital holographic 3D surface shape caused by imprecise measurement of the incident angle and the tilt angle of object light illumination in theory. The result showed that the error caused by the tilt angle is much greater than the incident angle. Then a method to accurately calculate the object light's tilt angle by detecting the interference field of reference plane is proposed based on the above discussion. Finally, the feasibility of the method is proved through a 3D surface shape detection experiment.
One-time phase shifting method, by which a high-quality correlation fringe image has been obtained, is presented in this paper. By comparison with the image quality obtained in traditional ways through simulation on a computer, there is no essential difference between images obtained by this method and twice or three times π/2 phase shifting methods. Subsequently, the image obtained from experiments of digital shearography is processed. Experiment result proves that the method is feasible.
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