Rene Fassbender, Jutta Stegmaier, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Stefan Köstner, Andreas Kruselburger, Cornelia Diethart, Peter Fertl, Elisabetta Valiante, Matthew Hayes, Peter Schuecker, Günther Hasinger
We present a satellite mission concept to measure the dark energy equation of state parameter ω with percent-level precision. The Very Ambitious Dark Energy Research satellite (VADER) is a multi-wavelength survey mission joining X-ray, optical, and IR instruments for a simultaneous spectral coverage from 4 μm (0.3 eV) to 10 keV over a field of view (FoV) of 1 square degree. VADER combines several clean methods for dark energy studies, the baryonic acoustic oscillations in the galaxy and galaxy cluster power spectrum and weak lensing, for a joint analysis over an unrivalled survey volume.
The payload consists of two XMM-like X-ray telescopes with an effective area of 2,800 cm2 at 1.5 keV and state-of-the-art wide field DEPFET pixel detectors (0.1-10 keV) in a curved focal plane configuration to extend the FoV. The X-ray telescopes are complemented by a 1.5m optical/IR telescope with 8 instruments for simultaneous coverage of the same FoV from 0.3μm to 4μm. The 8 dichroic-separated bands (u,g,r,z,J,H,K,L) provide accurate photometric galaxy redshifts, whereas the diffraction-limited resolution of the central z-band allows precise shape measurements for cosmic shear analysis.
The 5 year VADER survey will cover a contiguous sky area of 3,500 square degrees to a depth of z~2 and will yield accurate photometric redshifts and multi-wavelength object parameters for about 175,000 galaxy clusters, one billion galaxies, and 5 million AGN. VADER will not only provide unprecedented constraints on the nature of dark energy, but will additionally extend and trigger a multitude of cosmic evolution studies to very large (>10 Gyrs) look-back times.
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