In order to achieve quantitative measurements of the Earth's surface radiance and reflectance, it is important to determine the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) to correct for the optical influence of atmospheric particles. An advanced method for aerosol detection and quantification is required, which is not strongly dependant on disturbing effects due to surface reflectance, gas absorption and Rayleigh scattering features. A short review of existing applicable methods to the APEX airborne imaging spectrometer (380nm to 2500nm), leads to the suggested aerosol retrieval method here in this paper. It will measure the distinct radiance change between two near-UV spectral bands (385nm & 412nm) due to aerosol induced scattering and absorption features. Atmospheric radiation transfer model calculations have been used to analyze the AOT retrieval capability and accuracy of APEX. The noise-equivalent differential AOT is presented along with the retrieval sensitivity to various input variables. It is shown, that the suggested method will be able to identify different aerosol model types and measure AOT and columnar size distribution. The proposed accurate AOT determination will lead to a unique opportunity of two-dimensional pixel-wise mapping of aerosol properties at a high spatial resolution. This will be helpful especially for regional climate studies, atmospheric pollution monitoring and for the improvement of aerosol dispersion models and the validation of aerosol algorithms on spaceborne sensors.
Widespread boreal forest fires persisted in Eastern Asia for several months from the beginning of April until September 2003. This resulted in enhanced concentrations of smoke aerosol in a very large region, ranging from the source area of the fires in eastern Siberia to northern and eastern China, Korea, and Japan. The smoke was also detected over large areas of the Pacific Ocean, and was even observed in Alaska. E.g., during mid-May aerosol optical thickness values higher than 4 at mid-visible wavelengths were observed on the ground at Anmyon, Korea, due to transport of forest fire aerosol to this region. Satellite remote sensing provides a very useful tool to observe the temporal evolution and the spatial distribution of the aerosol over large areas. In this work, we employ a newly developed algorithm for the ADEOS-2/GLI sensor, that was launched onboard the ADEOS-2 sensor in December 2002. The algorithm employs two channels in the near-UV to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness and single-scattering albedo of aerosols. Although GLI had only a 7-month lifetime due to the early power failure of the ADEOS-2 satellite in October 2003, it was able to observe the whole period of large-scale forest fire smoke, that heavily impacted Eastern Asia. We also analyze ground based skyradiometer measurements at Sapporo, Japan, which was frequently influenced by forest fire aerosols during spring 2003.
The first light images from the ADEOS-II (Midori-II) / GLI were obtained on January 25, 2003 successfully. The GLI is a cross tracking imager with 36 channels covering a wide spectral region from 380 nm to 12 μm. Six 250m channels and tilting ocean view mechanism are also unique features of the GLI. Obtained radiance images are now being analyzed at NASDA EORC to produce the level 2 geophysical products. This paper overviews some standard and new products and their implications for local and global researches. It is important to compare the satellite-derived results with model simulation results. We compared the MODIS result with cloud microphysical simulation with the NHM+HUCM model and found a similar distribution of cloud effective radii.
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