An interferometer with off-axis and phase-shifting methods is developed to quantitatively measure complex amplitude distributions of fabricated metasurfaces. The developed interferometer switches between the off-axis and phase-shifting methods depending on the maximum spatial frequency components of a specimen metasurface. The off-axis method allows complex amplitude measurements from a single interference pattern and is robust to environmental vibrations, whereas the phase-shifting method can achieve high spatial resolutions via sequential recording of multiple interference patterns. We measured the complex amplitude distribution of fabricated metasurfaces using the developed interferometer. This interferometer would be useful for reducing design and fabrication errors and optimizing metasurface structures.
We fabricated a high-density, large-scale magneto-optical (MO) light modulator array to investigate its performance for holographic display applications. The modulator comprised a magnetic nanowire for light modulation using MO Kerr effect and two hard magnets (HMs) to control the switching property of the nanowire. The magnetization direction of the designated pixels in the array was controlled by the external magnetic field, unlike a spatial light modulator, which drives arbitrary pixels with cell selection backplane transistors. Magnetization of the light modulators with HMs can be reversed using a smaller magnetic field compared with those without HMs; this enables the formation of magnetic patterns by switching only the magnetization direction of the nanowire with smaller switching field; the pattern thus obtained is predetermined and not arbitrary. A diffracted beam in a magnetic stripe pattern displayed on the array was observed as spot patterns, and their spot position was consistent with a diffraction angle of the stripe period. We fabricated a magnetic hologram using a 10 k × 10 k pixel array calculated by computer-generated holography and successfully reproduced a holographic three-dimensional image with a wide viewing angle.
We have been developing a magneto-optical (MO) spatial light modulator (SLM) with a narrow pixel pitch which enables reproducing holographic three-dimensional (3D) images with wide-viewing angle. In this study, we investigated a light modulation performance for reproducing holographic 3D image of an MO light modulation device array. The light modulation device array can easily realize a magnetic interference fringe pattern by applying an external magnetic field without a transistor (i.e. without fabricating the real MO-SLM). The pattern, however, is not rewritable. The array was designed with a pitch of 1 × 2 μm. When a reproducing illumination light was incident to the device, a holographic 3D image with wide-viewing angle of 36° in the horizontal direction and 18° in the vertical direction was reproduced. A clear holographic image was observed through an analyzer because the phase of the unnecessary diffracted light, generated by the pixel structure, shifts by 90° from that of the magnetically diffracted component by the MO effect. If the light modulation device array is fabricated on the transistor backplane, any magnetization pattern can be realized by injecting a current. The MO-SLM was shown as an effective device for realizing a holographic display with a wide-viewing angle.
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