Today, optical systems of subpixel measurements of geometric dimensions of objects, as well as 3D triangulation measurement systems, have gained wide application. This capability is achieved under the condition of obtaining sharp images of the investigated object. However, challenges arise when the object's image or a specific part of it becomes blurred or defocused, as some of its features lie outside the focal plane. The use of defocused images leads to significant measurement errors during their computer processing. The paper introduces a method based on the use of two defocused images of the research object. Through advanced computer processing, this approach enables obtaining a sharp image, extracting its contour, and acquiring its geometric parameters with subpixel precision.
This article illustrates the method and system of polarization mapping of two-dimensional length distributions of individual Mueller-matrix images of biological layers, which are azimuthally independent with respect to the direction of their laser irradiation. The intellectual analysis of the named distributions involves the determination of their informative features as statistical and correlation moments of the 1st to 4th order, according to which their further classification is implemented on the basis of binomial logistic regression. The improved system with expanded functionality allowed to obtain an assessment of the reliability of the diagnosis of the pathology of the cervix at the level of 90% to 97.8%.
KEYWORDS: Animals, Modeling, Digital photography, Color, Evolutionary algorithms, Artificial intelligence, Systems modeling, Visualization, Computer simulations, RGB color model
The object of the study is the procedure for modeling adaptive strategies for the functioning of the protective coloration of a frog (Pelophylax esculentus) using Altshuller’s innovation algorithm. Verbal modeling by means of the Altshuller’s innovation algorithm using natural language was duplicated by the use of artificial intelligence tools. The systemic aspects of the functioning of the protective coloration of animals are extremely complex. This complexity sometimes creates obstacles of a fundamental nature for their formalized description. We are talking about a formalized description by means of mathematics and computer science. This problem can be solved by using verbal modeling by means of natural language. In particular, the means that are used in the Altshuller’s innovation algorithm. With the use of these means were formulated: the ideal goal of the functioning of the leaking coloration of the animal, the contradiction that impedes the achievement of this goal, the way to resolve this contradiction. As a goal, an adaptive strategy for the functioning of the protective coloration of the animal, which ensures its camouflage and prevents its unmasking, was adopted. The achievement of this goal is hampered by the contradiction in the requirements for the diversity of the protective coloration of the animal. The approach presented in this paper to the study of adaptive strategies for the functioning of the protective coloration of animals is interesting for the development of remote (aerospace) methods for recording aquatic animals.
The aim of this research is to develop a visualization quality improvement method of X-ray images with locally concentrated features. The features of registration and description of images during various radiological examinations were analyzed in this study. A mathematical model of a digital radiological image, as well as the visualization quality improvement method of digital radiological images, called IMRI, are developed. The efficiency of the method is tested both in processing the image of the standard Mammographic Accreditation Phantom RMI 156 and in processing various X-ray images (mammograms, fluorograms, X-rays of the cervical spine and extremities).
The article is considering building of the method of prediction of indicators of biomedical images. There was considered structure of the system that have to solve the problem of processing parameters of biomedical images. There was considered the constructing of such system using a parallel-hierarchical network as well.
One of the main issues in imaging diagnostics is the precise determination of the area of interest (ROI). The processing of medical images makes it necessary to distinguish the tested object from the rest of the less important details of the image. In order to properly select the segmentation method, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the tissue and the type of image. The article presents selected segmentation methods implemented in Matlab and results obtained using clinical software. The resulting 2D images were used to create three-dimensional structures of vertebrae.
Based on the information model different variants of osteoplasty, taking into account the persistence, value of critical loading and flexibility of amputation stump below are substantiated. The studies of strength assessment and values of critical load on the stump below knee showed that osteoplastic amputations have obvious advantages as compare d with myoplastic amputations. From the point of view of critical load rather long stumps are inferior to stumps in middle and upper thirds. The character of malleolus bones connection influences the conditions of stump functioning. The most rational are the connections conceptually similar with rigid bony bridge.
This paper provides experimental evidence for the existence of electric potential hysteresis effect in biological objects by quantizing the conversion rate of mechanical energy into bioelectrical energy. It presents biophysical experimental results of dynamic mechanical loading on biological and chemical liquid samples and the dynamic changes of induced electrical potentials there into prove the existence of bioelectrical quantization of energy absorption in biochemical liquid samples, under the influence of the factor loading. The paper also presents evidence for the rate of change of electrical activity of the heart, which is identical to electro potential quantization processes in biological liquids. Besides, it shows the possibility of obtaining additional diagnostic information, using induced electro-potential processes in biological objects.
KEYWORDS: Information technology, Mathematical modeling, Digital micromirror devices, RGB color model, Digital photography, Cardiovascular system, Blood pressure, Heart, Systems modeling, Animal model studies
The paper aims to study the criteria of harmony by example of protective coloration for antelopes and dynamics of the parameters for human cardiovascular system at different stages of obesity. The criteria of harmony reflecting the adaptive mechanisms of the biological objects under consideration are obtained. In the case of antelopes (Taurotragus oryx), criteria of harmony chosen were colorimetric parameters of protective coloration, subjected to change due to the domestication of these animals. In the case of the human cardiovascular system, the parameters of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were selected. The results of the simulation show that the increase in body weight, due to hypodynamia in women, leads to a deterioration of the harmony of the dynamics of the cardiovascular system. As a criterion of harmony, the variety of combinations of values observed in the cycle of changes of these parameters built in the result of modeling is used. A similar dependence takes place in the example of protective coloration of antelopes. As a criterion of harmony, in this case, a variety of combinations of colorimetric parameters of the protective color of antelopes is used. The results of mathematical modeling obtained in the work allow us to propose a new approach to finding a universal criterion of harmony of living systems related to biodiversity and adaptation to living conditions.
The work is dedicated to the segmentation problem of human nasal airways using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. During research, we propose a specialized approach of structured segmentation of nasal airways. That approach use spatial information, symmetrisation of the structures. The proposed stages can be used for construction a virtual three dimensional model of nasal airways and for production full-scale personalized atlases. During research we build the virtual model of nasal airways, which can be used for construction specialized medical atlases and aerodynamics researches.
The paper presents a method to assess the aortic contractility based on the analysis of CT images of the heart. This is an
alternative method that can be used for patients who cannot be examined by using echocardiography. Usage of medical
imaging application for DICOM file processing allows to evaluate the aortic cross section during systole and diastole. It
makes possible to assess the level of aortic contractility.
In paper the concept of interaction of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) with creatinine and urea to designing the active medium material for optical sensor of biological substances are presented. It is shown that there is a general tendency to reduce the pitch of supramolecular helical structure versus of increasing of concentrations of aqueous solutions for all investigated substances. A decision to designing the scheme of signal converter of optical sensors with frequency selection is proposed. In basis of the proposed decision is impedance converter provided the inductive nature of the impedance circle of load photodiode and therefore suppressing of direct component of the photocurrent.
This paper describes a double compression method (DCM) of biomedical images. A comparison of image compression factors in size JPEG, PNG and developed DCM was carried out. The main purpose of the DCM - compression of medical images while maintaining the key points that carry diagnostic information. To estimate the minimum compression factor an analysis of the coding of random noise image is presented.
Theoretical and practical substantiation of the possibility of the using the level of soluble vascular adhesion molecules (sVCAM) is performed. Expert system for the assessment of coronary heart disease (CHD) destabilization on the base of the analysis of soluble vascular adhesion molecules level is developed. Correlation between the increase of VCAM level and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with different variants of CHD progression is established. Association of chronic nonspecific vascular inflammation activation and CHD destabilization is shown. The expedience of parallel determination of sVCAM and CRP levels for diagnostics of CHD destabilization and forecast elaboration is noted.
The mathematical model of metabolism process in human organism based on Lotka-Volterra model has beeng proposed, considering healing regime, nutrition system, features of insulin and sugar fragmentation process in the organism. The numerical algorithm of the model using IV-order Runge-Kutta method has been realized. After the result of calculations the conclusions have been made, recommendations about using the modeling results have been showed, the vectors of the following researches are defined.
KEYWORDS: Electrocardiography, Signal processing, Heart, Data processing, Interference (communication), Diagnostics, Amplifiers, Electrodes, Sensors, Signal detection
Telemedical system design and implementation requires numerous steps. It is necessary to evaluate the operation of algorithms responsible for analysis and detection of life-threatening situations. By performing ECG analysis it is possible to obtain information about the overall patient health condition as well as detailed information about the circulatory system condition. To achieve that goal one must gather, filter and process data. Data was gathered using a purposely built device from a group of four volunteers. Available data set was processed to obtain information about the patients condition. Pan-Tompkins algorithm was used to detect R peaks and calculate heart rhythm. Afterward the rest of parameters were extracted in time domain using windowed peak detection and polynomial estimation. The parameters were calculated as delays between appropriate points in the signal. The method proved to be able to extract parameters in some of the cases, and proved limited effectiveness in situations where physical activity was significant. It was nevertheless possible to eliminate noise from the mains, the trend and higher frequency noise Further improvements need to be introduced to increase the method’s robustness in the presence of significant muscle noise.
This work focuses on the further development of the optical methods based on polarization detection to improve the reliability of the results of evaluation of structural changes in biological tissues. The paper presents an experimental study of tissues with pathological alterations to assess the capacity of differentiation of pathological conditions when using averaged local Mueller matrix elements. Experiments were carried out in direct scattering mode in histological samples of human epidermis. The practical significance of the results is the widespread application of the methodology for laser polarimetric analysis of structural changes in anisotropic tissues to identify and assess the degree of pathology in medical diagnosis of skin diseases.
The article concerns the research methods of noise reduction occurring in the ECG signals. The method is based on the use of filtration in wavelet transform domain. The study was conducted on two types of signal - received during the rest of the patient and obtained during physical activity. For each of the signals 3 types of filtration were used. The study was designed to determine the effectiveness of various wavelets for de-noising signals obtained in both cases. The results confirm the suitability of the method for improving the quality of the electrocardiogram in case of both types of signals.
The paper evaluated the diagnostic value of laser photoplethysmography when examining patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. A statistical analysis of the research results was made, and diagrams of relationship between the degrees of ischemia and blood flow are presented. Development of the device to determine the level of peripheral blood circulation and saturation was presented. Also additional accessories in the form of optical fibers for different applications were suggested.
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