A compact, dielectric–metal–dielectric surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide is designed that can have propagation lengths as high as several thousand microns. The dielectric layers surrounding the metal waveguide are actually periodic layers of different nanometer-sized dielectric pairs. By proper selection of the surrounding layer widths, a device with a controllable effective index and increased compactness can be designed. It can have a propagation loss <1 dB / cm, which is much less than any conventional SPP waveguide. Introduction of a metallic layer outside the dielectric layer of this structure results in a hybrid Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP), which can be used for sensing applications. Its sensitivity and the figure of merit are reported at different operating wavelengths. It is seen that the proposed hybrid TPP structure can be used to detect a larger refractive index range with comparable or better sensitivity than other plasmonic sensors. Determination of different optical parameters required for the design is done using a semianalytical approach. All the necessary steps of the present analysis are discussed and the calculated results are matched and compared with similar results of the other researchers whenever required.
Horizontal spot size converter required for horizontal light coupling and vertical bridge structure required for vertical integration are designed on high index contrast SOI platform in order to form more compact integrated photonic circuits. Both the structures are based on the concept of multimode interference. The spot size converter can be realized by successive integration of multimode interference structures with reducing dimension on horizontal plane, whereas the optical bridge structure consists of a number of vertical multimode interference structure connected by single mode sections. The spot size converter can be modified to a spot profile converter when the final single mode waveguide is replaced by a slot waveguide. Analysis have shown that by using three multimode sections in a spot size converter, an Gaussian input having spot diameter of 2.51 μm can be converted to a spot diameter of 0.25 μm. If the output single mode section is replaced by a slot waveguide, this input profile can be converted to a flat top profile of width 50 nm. Similarly, vertical displacement of 8μm is possible by using a combination of two multimode sections and three single mode sections in the vertical bridge structure. The analyses of these two structures are carried out for both TE and TM modes at 1550 nm wavelength using the semi analytical matrix method which is simple and fast in computation time and memory. This work shows that the matrix method is equally applicable for analysis of horizontally as well as vertically integrated photonic circuit.
Multimode Interference (MMI) based on self imaging phenomenon is investigated using matrix
approach. Experimentally MMI is verified using singlemode-multimode-singlemode and multimodesinglemode
structures of optical fiber. The results obtained are also verified by BPM technique.
Multimode Interference devices are analyzed semi-analytically using matrix approach. The propagation constant and
mode profile of different modes of a multimode waveguide are determined. The field intensity for the combination of all
the modes at different propagation distance is also obtained. The results are in accordance to the theory. The method can
be extended to a singlemode-multimode-singlemode device where the concept of overlap integral is introduced at their
interface. As this method consists of multiplication of 2X2 matrices, it is simple and computationally fast
High-index contrast slab and slot optical waveguides have a high index variation both along the lateral and vertical interfaces and are usually analyzed numerically, requiring large computer memory and time. In this article, their analysis is done semianalytically using an effective-index based matrix method. This method, which is computationally very fast, was earlier used successfully for low-index profile waveguide structures only and is now suitably modified for use in high-index contrast structures. The electric field profile of the waveguide structures is plotted and the effective refractive index at different wavelengths is calculated. The results are compared with results obtained from numerical techniques like finite element method, finite-difference time-domain, and beam propagation method and they match very well. The dependence of their different optical characteristics with the waveguide parameters is also studied. These studies will help in obtaining improved sensitivity of slot waveguides for sensing applications.
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