The influence of phase aberrations on the beam quality factor of Hermite-Gauss beams is investigated. Analytical expressions of the beam quality factor of Hermite-Gauss beams due to astigmatism are derived. The results show that the width of the Hermite-Gauss beams is a significant parameter that determines how much each aberration affects the beam quality factor. This work will be beneficial and contribute to the design and development of high-power laser systems in various applications.
Spherical aberration is a common phase distortion that occurs in optical elements. An optical beam passing through an element that has spherical aberration will accrue a quartic phase term. Here, we provide an analytical analysis of the effect of the quartic phase on the beam quality factor of Laguerre-Gauss beams. We find that the beam radius is a critical parameter in determining the effect of the aberration on the quality of the laser beams.
KEYWORDS: Solid state lasers, Thermal lensing, Thermal optics, Beam diameter, Temperature distribution, Manufacturing, Refractive index, High power lasers
In this paper, we present a method for active control of thermally induced lensing in high-power lasers. We used thermal lensing to study the advantages of high-power lasers. Many delivery optics are sensitive to the thermally induced lens, which can change the focus position of the transmitted beam. To compensate for this, we used thermal lensing by pumping a crystal that had no absorption or amplification at the seed beam wavelength. By controlling the strength of the heat source, we demonstrate acute control of the focus position. Our modeling work is based on the finite-volume method (FVM) to analyse thermal effects in end-pumped solid-state crystals. This work has the potential to pave the way for active control of a thermally induced lens in high-powered laser-based applications.
Phase aberrations are ubiquitous in optical systems and can lead to the degradation of laser beam quality. The laser beam quality factor is an important parameter that can be used to determine the quality of a laser beam. In this work, we derive analytical expressions for the beam quality factor of Laguerre-Gaussian beams due to different types of astigmatism: 0° astigmatism, 45° astigmatism, x-triangular astigmatism, and y-triangular astigmatism. The results show that the beam waist radius is an important parameter in determining the effect of astigmatism on the beam quality factor of LG optical beams.
This paper presents an intra-cavity beam-shaping technique using digital holograms in a continuous-wave (CW) diode-pumped Nd: YAG laser module. It shows that with the aid of digital holograms, the intensity distribution of the laser output can be modified to various optical beam shapes such as Laguerre-Gaussian (LGp;l) and Hermite-Gaussian (HGm;n). We used digital holograms that were encoded with amplitude masks that matched the desired laser output beam shape, LGp;l and HGm;n modes of different orders p, l and m, n, respectively. The research demonstrated the possibility of using digital lasers to simulate optical elements to pursue advanced laser material processing.
This work proposes a method that can be used to control the transverse profile of the optical intensity distribution of a diode-end-pumped solid-state laser operating with a Gaussian seed beam. The transverse gain profile in an external amplifier was temporally adjusted to control other higher-order intensity distribution. The amplifier is dual pumped by two independent diode lasers. The higher-order intensity distribution profile was created within the amplifier by independently adjusting the dual diodes output powers. This technique will permit synchronised variation of both the output power of the laser and the transverse intensity distribution of a laser beam.
The solution of the infinitesimal propagation equation for atmospheric propagation of single-photon and entangled quantum states, represented in terms of Laguerre-Gauss modes, which is a discrete orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis, is compared with numerical simulations for the propagation of optical fields that carry OAM in atmospheric turbulence. The numerical simulations are performed using the multi-phase screen model based on the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. The comparison was done under various turbulence conditions and propagation distances to allow comparison under both weak and strong scintillation conditions. The results show that there is an agreement between the infinitesimal propagation equation and the numerical simulations. Also, we note that in the limit of weak scintillation both methods, the infinitesimal propagation equation and numerical simulations, agree with the predictions of single-phase screen model.
In this paper, higher-order modes were generated using a diode-pumped solid-state digital laser operating at 532 nm (visible) wavelength. We inserted a non-linear crystal (potassium titanyl phosphate, KTiOPO4 or KTP) inside the laser cavity operating at 1064 nm (Near-IR). The KTP was pumped using higher-order laser modes generated by the 1064 nm solid-state digital laser. We generated Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes and Hermite-Gaussian laser modes inside a cavity. The laser modes were characterised by analysing the intensity distribution.
In this paper we experimentally demonstrate the measurement of thermally induced lensing, using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We measured the thermally induced lens from the coefficient of defocus aberration using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS). As a calibration technique, we infer the focal length of standard lenses probed by a collimated Gaussian beam of wavelength 633 nm. The technique was applied to an Nd:YAG crystal that is actively pumped by a diode laser operating at 808 nm. The results were compared to the results obtained by changing the properties of the end-pumped solid-state laser resonator operating at 1064 nm, where the length of an unstable plane-parallel laser resonator cavity is varied, and the laser output power was measured.
In this conference paper we experimentally demonstrate the generation of Radial-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LGpl) modes of radial-order p and azimuthal order l = 0, using intracavity beam shaping technique. An amplitude mask encoded on digital holograms, and displayed on a spatial light modulator, acts as an end-mirror of the resonator (SLM). The digital holograms contained absorbing rings that matched the zeros of the desired Laguerre-Gaussian mode. We demonstrated the generation of LGp0, for p = 0 to p = 3, by using full circular absorbing rings and incomplete circular absorbing rings. We are illustrating the advantages associated using incomplete circular absorbing rings. We also observed that the laser resonator will have a lower threshold, while at the same time maintain the same laser characteristics.
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate novel method of generating discrete excitation of on-demand Lagaurre-Gaussian (LG) mode pulses, in a diode pumped solid-state digital laser. The digital laser comprises of an intra-cavity spatial light modulator (SLM) that acts as an end-mirror of the resonator for uploading digital holograms, for the selection of discrete LG modes and controlling the quality facto, Q of the resonator. Discrete excitation of LG mode pulses of azimuthal-order l of 0, 1, 2, with zero radial-order (p = 0) were generated. Pulses of duration 200 ms and intensities as high as 1 mW with repetition speed of 60 Hz were produced at 1 um wavelength. The maximum peak power-conversion efficiency measured was 1.3%.
In this paper we experimentally demonstrate intra-cavity selective excitation of Higher-Order Laguerre–Gaussian modes with nonzero radial index and zero azimuthal index using a simple absorbing ring implemented on a digital laser. We show selective excitation of modes with radial order of zero to five using a non-segment absorbing rings. We then reduce the losses of the cavity that is associated with the absorbing ring by cutting the rings into segments. We then experimentally demonstrate that excited modes using half-circular segmented absorbing rings have a lower threshold compared to using a full ring while at the same time maintaining mode volume, purity and slope efficient of the laser.
Higher-order Laguerre–Gaussian beams with zero radial index and nonzero azimuthal index are known to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), and they are routinely created external and internal to laser cavities. Previous reports on the generation of such modes from laser cavities suffer from inconclusive evidence of the real electromagnetic field. In this paper we demonstrate a simple method of selectively generating higher-order doughnut modes using a digital laser and we show that an observed doughnut beam from a laser cavity may not be a pure Laguerre–Gaussian azimuthal mode but can be an incoherent sum of petal modes, which do not carry OAM. We also demonstrate a method that could be used for future analysis of such fields from laser resonators.
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