The fifth-generation (5G) of mobile systems is considered a key enabler technology for autonomous driving vehicles. This is due to its ultra-low latency, high-capacity, and network reliability. In this paper, a full end-to-end 5G automotive platform for benchmarking, certificating, and validating distinct use cases in cooperative intelligent transport systems, is proposed. Such an automotive platform enables fast service creation with open-access and on demand services designed for public use as well as for innovative use cases validation such as highway chauffeur system, truck platooning, and real-time perceptive intersection, to name a few. The distinct set of technologies that compose the end-to-end 5G automotive ecosystem framework is described. The holistic 5G automotive ecosystem can handle system and networking interoperability, handover between mobile cells, mobile edge computing capabilities including network slicing, service orchestration, and security. Moreover, the latency performance of a vehicular network with two vehicles is experimentally addressed by using the holistic platform. Up- and down-stream packet transmissions between the two vehicles in an open environment with real-traffic conditions is considered. The results pave the way towards latency levels within the range of 5G key performance indicators and consequently enabling autonomous driving systems. The 5G platform can be further useful for governmental agencies to define new policies and regulations, being able to address critical points such as data protection, liability, and legal obligation, regardless whether systems are partially or fully automated.
KEYWORDS: Antennas, Modulation, Analog electronics, Single mode fibers, Avalanche photodetectors, Wireless communications, Radio over Fiber, Radio optics, Clocks, Signal to noise ratio
An IFoF/V-band link is experimentally presented in a 100MBd QPSK downlink transmission across 7km fiber by a high-power EML and over-the-air by 60GHz beamforming antenna with 32-radiating elements, comprising the first demonstration of a cost-effective end-to-end directional Fiber-Wireless link for dense 5G millimeter-wave networks.
With the digitalization of industry and society, data centers have grown into an essential key strategic infrastructure, centralizing the processing, storage and distribution of vast amounts of information. Through continuing centralization, their size grows ever larger, while at the same time they need to remain flexible and dynamic to adapt to the temporary nature and diverse requirements of many tasks. Modular data centers can fulfil this requirement, allowing quick deployment and provisioning, while being highly reconfigurable - however, in such data centers interconnectivity is a complex and difficult issue. Wired connections based on optical fibers are the standard in data centers, but come at a significant cost and lack reconfigurability. The introduction of wireless connectivity at millimeter and tera-Hertz frequencies offers similar capacities, while allowing dynamic and re configurable deployment and wireless or hybrid data center architectures have been suggested. In this context, the innovations in high capacity millimeter wave communications and in the convergence of optical and wireless networking developed for 5G mobile networks may offer a potential technology candidate for high-density and high-capacity data center network deployments. Such networks allow the layout and topology of the network to be changed on demand and to adapt to the changing needs of different applications, creating a data center network that matches the multi-purpose nature of the computation and storage hardware. In this paper, the recent trends in wireless technologies for data centers are reviewed and connected to the innovations of optical and wireless convergence seen in 5G networks, perceiving a data center network that is better able to cope with the demanding requirements in terms of network reconfigurability, installation and running cost, as well as power consumption and cooling efficiency.
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