When using different cameras and displays in the shot and display of one subject, different color images are often showed. To solve this problem, we have developed a color chart in which the constituent colors dyed with dyes are evenly distributed in the color space. We have also developed a tool that creates an International Color Consortium (ICC) profile from the captured image of this color chart. In this report, we will describe the color difference correction accuracy when our method is applied to actual stained pathological specimens taken with multiple whole-slide imaging (WSI). We confirmed color correction accuracy of Lab values in major parts such as the cell nucleus. The Lab value of the specimen itself measured by a spectrocolorimeter was compared with that of the captured image. As a result, the color difference ΔE in H&E-stained cell nucleus was improved from 32.2 to 6.4 for Nanozoomer and from 13.5 to 7.2 for ultra-fast scanner (UFS) by our color correction. The results of the evaluations for other areas and other stain methods (PAS, EVG, MT, and PAM) were good. In the future, high-accuracy color correction of teacher data/evaluation data in AI diagnosis using pathological images will be important.
We have developed a method to calibrate a display to a predetermined state and to make an ICC display profile by visual calibration for soft proofing. Our method adjusts a color of display white point to a color of a white object under a viewing illuminant, so our method can calibrate the display white point for any viewing illuminant. In order to calibrate the tone reproduction curve of a display, the brightness and hue of a continuous tone image is adjusted to the brightness and hue of a binary image. In addition, three pairs of images having different values of brightness are used. These methods can calibrate the display which has complex tone reproduction curve like LCD displays. In Electronic Imaging 2005, we reported that these methods can calibrate tone reproduction curves of LCD displays accurately1. In this paper, we evaluated the matching accuracy between display white point and paper white under various illuminances and color temperatures to bear out the effect of our method under practical illumination. We found from this experiment that the matching accuracy was almost the same in all illumination conditions. Furthermore, all subjects calibrated the chromaticity of display white point more bluish than the chromaticity of paper white in all illumination conditions, and the dispersion of yellow-blue direction was larger than that of red-green direction. This yellow-blue direction was almost the same as the long axis of MacAdam ellipse. We also evaluated the capability of color discrimination between display and paper in various illumination conditions. At 500lx or less, many subjects made judgments that the color of display white point was similar as the color of paper white when color difference between display and paper was small, but the correlation of color difference with judgement was small at 1000lx or more. The cause of these results is the maximum luminance of the display was darker than that of paper at 1000lx or more. These results suggest that ISO 3664:2000 P2 condition is appropriate to compare the image on computer display with that on paper at the same time.
We developed the method to adjust a display to a predetermined state and to make ICC display profiles with human eyes. In our method, in order to measure the tone reproduction curve of a display device, the brightness and hue of a continuous tone image is adjusted to the brightness and hue of a binary image. In addition, for measuring the complex curve, three pairs of images having different values of brightness are used. Furthermore, the color of the display white is adjusted to the color of a white object under the viewing illuminant to adjust the display white for any viewing illuminant. To bear out the color matching accuracy of our method, two kinds of experiments were carried out for three LCDs, and three subjects. First, we measured the chroma of gray. The result was that the chroma of the display adjusted by our method was smaller than the chroma of the un-adjusted display. Second, we simulated the color of DDCP on the display and measured the matching accuracy. Then, our method could reduce the color difference between both devices. These results show the display adjusted by our method has enough accuracy to use for soft proofing.
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