The project “Тhe ancient wheat - growth and physiological characteristics under unfavorable stress factors and possibilities to alleviate the negative effects” is in line with the scientific priorities of the Bulgarian National Research Strategy: Improvement of the quality of life – food, environment protection, with the EU FP „Horizon Europe": Food, bioeconomy, agriculture & environment, and with launching an International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement. This initiative is based on the urgent need for all countries to speed the progress in wheat in relation to its productivity, adaptivity, stress tolerance and efficient use of nutrients. In the same time the project match the objectives of the European Space Strategy and the European Space Policy - to support the appropriate research activities fostering the exploitation of the technical capabilities of the space community with the objective of seizing market opportunities and meeting the demands of the society. The project's goal is to use the technical capabilities for spectral measurements in remote sensing monitoring of wheat crops under unfavorable stress factors that is relevant to the European Policies in the domain of the most advances information technologies. Aiming optimal combination, integration and dissemination of data and services, the project will create further interdisciplinary perspectives. Spectral measurement data will enable the validation of information products with respect to the accuracy and reliability of the data. The planned spectral measurements and the acquired data closely correspond to the "Copernicus" program. The remotely sensing obtained data will be used for knowledge upgrading about relation between unfavorable stress factors and spectral data. This will contribute to the widespread dissemination of scientific results and will be used to link space remote monitoring and ground-truth data. This work is supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund under Project KP-06-N56/15 (КП-06- Н56/15).
Monitoring of the Earth land covers is one of the most important areas in applying remote sensing data. In-situ measurements are necessary to confirm the performance of remote sensing devices through evaluation of data quality. These measurements are performed in established space test sites and serve as datasets presented in open database for referencing remotely sensed data to ground-truth spectral ones, for enhancement of data accuracy and for verification of information extraction techniques. This paper describes the creation of standard experimental data set as a part of a project financed by Bulgarian National Science Fund. This local thematic spectral library is going to allow direct comparability of data from various sources including from available spectral databases. The deliverables are summarized in chapters including information about the used spectrometers and the methodology of measurements; the description of studied land covers in the points of measurements; the additional information such as GPS coordinates and atmospheric conditions for the monitored land covers in appropriated format. It should be noted that the spectral measurements are made with different instruments with proper calibration sources. The final result is creating of a thematic spectral library in local scale as an open access database. For user friendly access to the library without specific programs, simple text versions of the spectral data, their visualizations, and text files in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) format with the metadata and the additional information is used. The authors intended to propose the possibility for exploiting the spectral data from specialists working in different areas following the procedures for accessing the thematic spectral database and downloading the spectral data. This work is supported by “National Science Fund” in Bulgaria under Contract number KP-06-M27/2.
The authors aim to present the collecting of in-situ spectral data for filling in a thematic database of Earth observation as a part of joint project. In-situ spectrometric measurements were made for acquiring spectral data of the rock samples during and after a field campaign in the selected test site. The selected test points are around the town of Novi Iskar where space test site “Novi Iskar” is established. The related land covers in the studied area will also be taken into account in the analysis of satellite images of the region. These in-situ measurements are part of an integrated system for remote sensing and ground-based observations and in line with Copernicus In-Situ Component. In-situ spectrometric measurements have potential for long-term practical application to verify data, which increases their accuracy. Filling in the thematic database for monitoring over test site with the collecting spectral and ancillary data leads to an optimal correlation between the different methods of studying the different types of land covers, increases the effectiveness of scientific investigations in the field of Earth remote sensing, creates synergy between different scientific fields and helps to share information between researchers from different areas of scientific and practical interest. The team is developing a data base structure which is going to be available through SRTI-BAS website. The data base is going to include information about specific spectral properties of the studied objects in the test site. This work is supported by “National Science Fund” in Bulgaria under Contract number KP-06-M27/2.
Land cover data derived from satellite images must be accompanied by information on their quality in order to be properly and fully used. The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of the evaluation of the Urban Atlas (UA) and Street Tree Layer (STL) datasets for Bulgaria for the reference 2012 year. This verification task is part of a project, managed by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) under the Copernicus program. A quantitative assessment approach is applied, based on stratified random sampling at polygon level. The working steps completed are, as follows: preparation of input and reference data, creation of a sample set of land cover/land use (LC/LU) polygons, visual interpretation of selected samples and evaluation of results. The LACO-Wiki web-based tool is used for sampling-related activities. Very highresolution (VHR) satellite imagery and digital aerial photos form major part of the reference data. This way, a scientifically based estimate of the thematic accuracy of UA and STL dataset are obtained and of some geometric characteristics, as well. The following features are estimated: user and producer's accuracy by LC/LU class, overall user's accuracy, uncertainty values, and correctness of delineation by LC/LU class. Comments by LC/LU class are provided. More than 89% of UA polygons have correctly delineated area. The detail of delineation accuracy is over 98%, while the positional accuracy is more than 97%. The overall weighted thematic accuracy of UA is 83.9%, which is higher than the target accuracy of 80%. STL product shows overall accuracy of 94.1% - higher than the required 85%. Relevant and diverse reference data sources together with appropriate stratification and sampling design tailored to the purpose and resources of the project helped to produce realistic accuracy results.
In this work a project for the implementation of remote sensing research activities for the acquisition of new knowledge and encouraging the participation of the PhD students of Remote Sensing Systems /RSS/ Department at SRTI-BAS in these activities is presented. The goal of the project is collecting data through spectral measurements for land cover monitoring in a selected test region in Bulgaria and create an open access spectral database. The first task of the work to collecting spectral measurements data is related to the methodology of acquiring in-situ spectral data of land covers in test site. Methodology follows the next steps of 1) collecting samples and additional information; 2) laboratory and field spectrometric measurements; 3) spectral data verification. For the implementation of the steps the test region is selected meeting the following requirements: i) Offers a wide variety of objects from the adopted nomenclature; ii) Has spectral data from Earth Observation device systems; iii) Has the possibility to perform regular measurements with available spectrometric systems. According to the described conditions the test region around the town of Novi Iskar is chosen. In CORINE Land Cover database for this area the presence of 12 classes of land covers has been verified which has to be characterized in detail on the basis of the received data. Each one will be recorded in the created database which is the next project task. This will allow the data received in the experiments to be considered reliable and representative. For monitoring purposes the data could be interpolated for larger areas with similar land covers to trace the dynamics of objects using spectral data.
Advancements in modern technologies, such as remote sensing systems and instruments have led to rapid developments in the field of Earth observation /EO/. As a result, enormous volumes of EO data with various spatial and spectral resolutions are obtained. However, the expected enhancements in the classification accuracy still have not been reached, due to the complexity of the remote sensing measurements and the big volume of data that need to be processed. The last leads to the necessity of development and improvement of methods and techniques for data obtaining and analysis. The methods include the validation multi-sensor systems, the processing technique of big data, and the object identification and classification methods for improving information quality through data fusion. To achieve correct information with highest accuracy in data analyzing and interpreting, researchers have to apply these methods and to create technologies for obtaining and integrating data from different Earth Observation Systems /EOS/. For gathering and using all of the information a local and regional EOS of Systems needs to be established. By creating such local EOS of Systems more extensive information could be collected, analyzed and retrieved. In this paper a local system is presented, focusing on the description of the ground component. The main sensors embedded in the system are spectrometers. The working range of the multi-sensor system is VIS-NIR-SWIR. Thus, by applying the data fusion methods, combining images and spectral information, a more accurate thematic interpretation is achieved. Example illustrating the benefits of a multisensor system data fusing is presented and discussed.
In Earth observations the reference spectra of well-described objects are required for better object-oriented interpretation of remotely sensed data from laboratory, field, airborne, and satellite sensors. For this purpose measurements of spectra using laboratory and field spectrometers are performed. The acquired spectra are used in creating a thematic spectral library. The used spectral instruments work in the wavelengths (0.4 to 2.5 microns) covering the spectral ranges from the visible /VIS/ to the shortwave infrared /SWIR/. Two different spectrometers are used to measure spectra included in the library: (1) Thematically oriented multichannel spectrometer covering the spectral range 0.4 to 0.9 microns and (2) high resolution NIRQuest spectrometer covering the range from 0.9 to 2.5 microns, both models of Ocean Optics Inc. Spectrometric measurements of representative samples of minerals, rocks, related soils, vegetation, and their natural mixtures are made in laboratory and field conditions. In some cases, samples were purified, so that the unique spectral characteristics of the studied objects could be related to their typical structure. The relations between the spectra and the structures are important for interpreting remotely sensed data acquired in the field or from an air- or space-borne platform. In some cases for making easy wide use of the spectra in the library the obtained spectra have to resample to selected broadband multispectral sensors for example those based on the satellites Landsat and Sentinel. The obtained spectral data with the metadata and additional information are planned for including in files for better interpretation of images with different spatial resolution.
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