Proceedings Article | 5 September 2007
KEYWORDS: Particles, Acoustics, Spiral phase plates, Optical vortices, Polarization, Spatial light modulators, Bessel beams, Optical micromanipulation, Optical tweezers, Beam splitters
Optical vortices became a hot topic since almost two decades ago, when it was recognized that Laguerre-Gaussian laser
modes carry orbital angular momentum [Allen et al. Phys Rev A 45, 8185 (1992)] related with a screw phase dislocation,
and different from the spin angular momentum associated to circular polarization. In 1995, this dynamical quantity was
transferred to matter in an optical micromanipulation system for the first time [H. He, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826
(1995)], and since then, a number of studies on angular momentum of light have unveiled different interesting aspects on
the subject. However, there are still open questions, which have arisen together with the generation of novel light beams,
such as vector vortices, for instance. In contrast with scalar vortices, with usual polarization states (linear, circular,
elliptical), the orientation and magnitude of the electric field of vector vortices (solutions of the vector wave equation) is
a function of space and time. In this work, we present an experimental study of the local angular momentum density of a
Bessel vector vortex of first order by means of an optical trap. For this purpose, we used different probe particles in order
to sense the local contribution to the optical angular momentum in each region of the beam. But optical fields are not the
only wave fields that may exhibit phase dislocations or singularities. There are close analogies between light and sound
fields that can be exploited in order to get a better understanding of common phenomena and study new aspects in both
branches of physics. Here we also present the first experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of acoustical
vortices in free field, with similar properties to those of the optical vortices, including the angular momentum that can be
transferred to matter. The corresponding analogies and differences with the optical case turn out to be very enlightening
for the understanding of the phenomenon of angular momentum in wave fields.
