By controlling the deposition time of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) film, a high resistance of ultra-thin ITO (UTITO) layer can be realized. The UTITO layer is then deposited at the interface between the dielectric and LC layers in the hole-patterned liquid crystal (LC) lens. The UTITO application spreads the fringing field into the aperture hole center of LC lens and thus assists the LC reorientation therein. That considerably decreases the addressing voltage and switching-on time of LC lens. The UTITO LC lens also provides a wide tunable focus function, and preserves the lens quality and imaging performance as the conventional hole-patterned LC lens.
This study investigated a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and the effect of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-film interference on the electromagnetic resonance of distorted metamaterials. The photoresist was developed on a PET substrate and swollen using isopropyl alcohol. The SRRs had various total lengths, gaps, and line widths. In addition, each of these three dimensions varied greatly and thus the distorted SRRs exhibited a broadband resonance spectrum. An ITO thin film was coated on the back of the PET substrate with a distorted metamaterials sample, and the terahertz spectrum was measured. The experimental results revealed that the ITO thin film can flatten the spectrum of the SRR sample. To determine the underlying reason, we varied the sheet resistance of the ITO film and observed the differences among the corresponding spectra. The flattened spectrum of the ITO films enhanced the thin-film interference effect of the PET substrate; consequently, the distorted metamaterials exhibited a flattened spectrum. These distorted metamaterials can be applied in terahertz imaging, terahertz communication systems, and optoelectronic integrated circuits.
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